ニュートリゲノミクス解析による植物抽出物の作用機序に関する研究

内容の要約広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(理学)Sciencedoctora

Progressing subglottic and tracheobronchial stenosis in a patient with CHARGE syndrome diagnosed in adulthood

AbstractA 33-year-old woman was admitted for a pseudocroup-like cough and wheezing after general anesthesia. Several months ago, she had undergone cardiac re-operation and turbinectomy, both of which had involved difficult intubations. Bronchoscopy indicated a pin-hall-like subglottic stenosis; therefore, emergency tracheotomy was performed. Six years later, a computed tomography scan demonstrated progressive stenosis of the entire circumference of the trachea and main bronchi. She died at 40 years. Her autopsy revealed marked tracheobronchial stenosis. She had many medical histories that had gone undiagnosed and had been clinically ill with only heart defects. She did not have coloboma but had microphthalmos, atresia choanae, retarded growth development, and deafness; thus, we diagnosed CHARGE syndrome that refers to multiple congenital anomalies, including airway abnormalities, which can lead to secondary complications such as traumatic stenosis after intubation. Physicians should have knowledge of this rare disease and should pay special attention to potential airway problems

Removing Diethylphthalate (DEP) from Water Systems using Zeolites and Mesoporous Materials

In order to remove diethylphthalate (DEP) molecules from water systems, zeolites of faujasite (FAU), ferrierite (FER), mordenite (MOR), and mesoporous silica (MCM-41) were employed in this study. 1H nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) spectra showed that FAU was effective in eliminating DEP from aqueous solutions. In addition, solid-state 1H NMR spectra with a magic-angle-spinning (MAS) rate of 30 kHz revealed that a larger amount of DEP was adsorbed on FAUs with higher Si/Al ratios. Our NMR spectra also showed that a chemical shift of the signal assigned to water molecules adsorbed on the FAUs is linked to the amount of DEP adsorption. 1H MAS NMR spectra also revealed that DEP molecules prefer to adsorb on the four-membered ring site rather than the center or/and window of the supercage in FAUs. Since porous materials are frequently present in ground and water systems such as rivers, ponds, and lakes, this study also showed that DEP could adsorb onto soils in aquatic environments and remain in the water system for a long time

ADH Responses to Thoracic and Abdominal Surgery under Epidural Anesthesia

Changes of plasma ADH concentration were studied during thoracic and abdominal operations under epidural anesthesia comnbimed with nitrous oxide inhalation. In abdominal surgeries, ADH level was elevated by operative invasion as usually reported, significantly by peritoneal irritation particularly. In thoracic surgeries, on the other hand, ADH level showed a rise by operative invasion, but little significant change was observed by irritation to the pleura. There was no significant difference in ADH level between the high frequency positive-pressure ventilation group and the intermittent positive-pressure ventilation group

Paediatric HIV and elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in the ASEAN region: a call to action

Recent achievements in scaling up paediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART) have changed the life of children living with HIV, who now stay healthy and live longer lives. However, as it becomes more of a chronic infection, a range of new problems have begun to arise. These include the disclosure of HIV serostatus to children, adherence to ART, long-term toxicities of antiretroviral drugs and their sexual and reproductive health, which are posing significant challenges to the existing health systems caring for children with HIV with limited resources, experiences and capacities. While intensified efforts and actions to improve care and treatment for these children are needed, it is crucial to accelerate the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, which is the main cause of paediatric HIV in the ASEAN region so as to eliminate the fundamental cause of the problem. This report argues that given over 70% of women have access to at least one antenatal care visit in the region and acceptance of HIV testing after receiving counselling on PMTCT could be as high as 90%, there is an opportunity to strengthen PMTCT services and eventually eliminate new paediatric HIV infections in the ASEAN countries

Postoperative Coagulation Changes in Patients with esophageal carcinoma

Postoperative coagulation changes were studied in 50 patients with esophageal carcinomas for 7 days following operation. Of these, 12 patients were examined further for changes in platelet aggregation rate as an index of platelet function. Just after operation, both platelet count and aggregation rate decreased, but at day 2 when the platelet count reached its lowest point, platelet aggregation returned to the preoperative level. Altough platelet aggregation decreased again, it recovered to the preoperative level earlier than did the platelet count. Changes in prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen and FDP-E levels may suggest pre-DIC state

Distinguishing intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma from poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma using precontrast and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI

PURPOSEWe aimed to gain further insight in magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (mICC), its enhancement pattern with gadoxetic acid contrast agent, and distinction from poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (pHCC).METHODSFourteen mICC and 22 pHCC nodules were included in this study. Two observers recorded the tumor shape, intratumoral hemorrhage, fat on chemical shift imaging, signal intensity at the center of the tumor on T2-weighted image, fibrous capsule, enhancement pattern on arterial phase of dynamic study, late enhancement three minutes after contrast injection (dynamic late phase), contrast uptake on hepatobiliary phase, apparent diffusion coefficient, vascular invasion, and intrahepatic metastasis.RESULTSLate enhancement was more common in mICC (n=10, 71%) than in pHCC (n=3, 14%) (P < 0.001). A fat component was observed in 11 pHCC cases (50%) versus none of mICC cases (P = 0.002). Fibrous capsule was observed in 13 pHCC cases (59%) versus none of mICC cases (P < 0.001). On T2-weighted images a hypointense area was seen at the center of the tumor in 43% of mICC (6/14) and 9% of pHCC (2/22) cases (P = 0.018). Other parameters were not significantly different between the two types of nodules.CONCLUSIONThe absence of fat and fibrous capsule, and presence of enhancement at three minutes appear to be most characteristic for mICC and may help its differentiation from pHCC

Case of relapsed AIDS-related plasmablastic lymphoma treated with autologous stem cell transplantation and highly active antiretroviral therapy

Plasmablastic lymphoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy strongly associated with HIV infection. The refractory/relapsed disease rate is high, and the survival rate is characteristically poor. There are no satisfactory salvage regimens for relapsed cases. We successfully performed autologous stem cell transplantation using a regimen consisting of MCNU (ranimustine), etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan in a Japanese patient with relapsed AIDS-related plasmablastic lymphoma of the oral cavity. Highly active antiretroviral therapy continued during the therapy. Therapy-related toxicity was tolerable, and a total of 40 Gy of irradiation was administered after autologous stem cell transplantation. The patient has remained in complete remission for 16 months since transplantation