Selvstendig rettsvernshevd Gjeldende rett etter nyere rettspraksis

MasteroppgaveJUS399MAJURMAJUR-

Stanken av damer

Lenge heldt eg mitt ubehag ved dameduft for eit personlig problem og ei reint privat plage. Men etter at eg kom ut av lukteskapet og ga uttrykk for mine kjensler både skriftlig og muntlig, offentlig og privat, er eg blitt tvunígen til å tenka gjennom kva denne aversjonen botnar i og setta ord på det â også sosiologiske ord ettersom det er ein viktig del av mitt språklige apparat. ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âLikevel skulle eg aldri ha tatt på meg ufordringa frå ei velluktande kvinne om å tematisera dette som emne for eit skriftstykke i dette høystærede blad, for då bytta fenomenet dimensjon. Det er dristig å setta namn på eit ubehag eller ei plage, for enten kan det då bli ufarliggjort, eller så kan det bli demonisert. Ein kjem i alle fall ikkje frå det utan arr

Peritumoral tissue compression is predictive of exudate flux in a rat model of cerebral tumor: an MRI study in an embedded tumor

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/115972/1/nbm3418.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/115972/2/nbm3418_am.pd

Pre-clinical imaging of transgenic mouse models of neuroblastoma using a dedicated 3-element solenoid coil on a clinical 3T platform.

Background The use of clinical MRI scanners to conduct pre-clinical research facilitates comparisons with clinical studies. Here the utility and sensitivity of anatomical and functional MRI data/biomarkers acquired from transgenic mouse models of neuroblastoma using a dedicated radiofrequency (RF) coil on a clinical 3T scanner was evaluated.Methods Multiparametric MRI of transgenic mice bearing abdominal neuroblastomas was performed at 3T, and data cross-referenced to that acquired from the same mice on a pre-clinical 7T MRI system. T2-weighted imaging, quantitation of the native longitudinal relaxation time (T1) and the transverse relaxation rate (R2*), and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI, was used to assess tumour volume, phenotype and response to cyclophosphamide or cabozantinib.Results Excellent T2-weighted image contrast enabled clear tumour delineation at 3T. Significant correlations of tumour volume (R=0.98, P2* (R=0.87, P2* (Ptrans for each tumour (median Ktrans values of 0.202, 0.168 and 0.114 min-1). Cyclophosphamide elicited a significant reduction in both tumour burden (P1 (P<0.01), whereas cabozantinib induced significant (P<0.01) tumour growth delay.Conclusions Simultaneous multiparametric MRI of multiple tumour-bearing animals using this coil arrangement at 3T can provide high efficiency/throughput for both phenotypic characterisation and evaluation of novel therapeutics, and facilitate the introduction of functional MRI biomarkers into aligned imaging-embedded clinical trials

Tumor-induced stromal reprogramming drives lymph node transformation.

Lymph node (LN) stromal cells, particularly fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), provide critical structural support and regulate immunity, tolerance and the transport properties of LNs. For many tumors, metastasis to the LNs is predictive of poor prognosis. However, the stromal contribution to the evolving microenvironment of tumor-draining LNs (TDLNs) remains poorly understood. Here we found that FRCs specifically of TDLNs proliferated in response to tumor-derived cues and that the network they formed was remodeled. Comparative transcriptional analysis of FRCs from non-draining LNs and TDLNs demonstrated reprogramming of key pathways, including matrix remodeling, chemokine and/or cytokine signaling, and immunological functions such as the recruitment, migration and activation of leukocytes. In particular, downregulation of the expression of FRC-derived chemokine CCL21 and cytokine IL-7 were accompanied by altered composition and aberrant localization of immune-cell populations. Our data indicate that following exposure to tumor-derived factors, the stroma of TDLNs adapts on multiple levels to exhibit features typically associated with immunosuppression.This research was supported by the CIMR Flow Cytometry Core Facility. We wish to thank all FCCF staff members for their advice and support in flow cytometry and cell sorting applications. Work was supported by Medical Research Council funding. BAH is supported by the Royal Society (University Research Fellowship).This is the author accepted manuscript

The revised Payment Services Directive (PSD2) : implications of PSD2 on Norwegian banks

This thesis focuses on the revised Payment Services Directive (PSD2), a regulation aiming to make the European payments market more integrated and efficient, make payments easier and more secure and increase innovation and competition in the industry. The core challenge for banks is that PSD2 requires them to provide third parties access to their customer data through open APIs. Consequently, the directive has implications for banks that go further than regulatory compliance. Accordingly, the main objective of this thesis is to identify the implications of PSD2 on traditional banks’ competitive position in the Norwegian bank market and identify responses for how they can remain their competitive position. The thesis draws on market analysis, literature reviews and interviews. Through an extensive review of PSD2 and the Norwegian banking and payments market, we have concluded that traditional banks will be facing increased competition from third parties offering banking services. The main threat to the banks’ competitive position in light of this, is a potential loss of customer interaction and cross-selling opportunities. Further, we identified the value that lies in a customer’s financial data, and found how exploiting it can lead to a profitable business model for both banks and third parties. However, the success of third parties will rely on the consumer’s adoption rate. A customer’s decision in allowing third parties access to their data is two folded. On one hand, consumers demand the innovative and personalised services agile third parties are able to deliver. On the other hand, consumers emphasize secure solutions provided by trustworthy financial institutions, the prominent strength of banks. Banks can leverage the high trust Norwegian consumers place in financial institutions to strengthen their position in a new competitive landscape. Finally, we identified three approaches traditional banks can use for responding to increased competition: the compliance approach, the proactive approach and the Open Banking approach. Most Norwegian banks have dismissed the compliance approach by proactively engaging in initiatives through launching new products developed by themselves or in collaboration with technology companies. In a fast changing market characterised by increased competition and innovation, the two latter approaches will be more viable in order for banks to remain their competitive position.nhhma

Selvstendig rettsvernshevd Gjeldende rett etter nyere rettspraksis

MasteroppgaveJUS399MAJURMAJUR-

Toward a more individualised treatment of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumour

Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) is a relatively rare soft tissue tumour most often occurring in the stomach or small intestine. The clinical behaviour can be highly variable between patients, indicating that individualised therapeutic approaches are needed. The aim of this thesis was to improve the classification, treatment and follow-up of patients with GIST by investigating real-life data from different cohorts of patients treated at Oslo University Hospital (OUH). Metastatic GIST patients are treated with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib. We performed measurements of imatinib concentrations in plasma, and revealed clinical scenarios where individualised drug dosage could be beneficial, such as in elderly patients, in patients with prior gastrectomy and at the time of disease progression. A more precise prediction of long-term outcome in metastatic GIST could result in better therapeutic decisions. We identified oligometastatic disease, defined as ≤3 metastases at the start of imatinib treatment, as a new predictor of long-term survival in metastatic GIST, and suggest that this should be regarded as a separate disease category. Rupture of the primary tumour before or during surgery could lead to dissemination of tumour cells in the abdominal cavity. Using a strict definition of tumour rupture, we showed that patients with localised gastric GIST had significantly worse recurrence-free survival compared to those without rupture. We also found that tumours with deletions involving codon 557 and 558 in exon 11 of the KIT gene had an increased risk of rupture. Preoperative treatment with imatinib could be considered to reduce rupture risk, and we propose that mutation analysis should be included in the risk assessment. In summary, the work in this thesis provides new knowledge on classification, follow-up and treatment, which may lead to a more individualised treatment for patients with GIST

rePULSE for å øke den sosiale kompetansen for barn med Asperger syndrom og høytfungerende autisme

Master's thesis in Health and social sciencesDenne masteroppgaven er basert på en kvantitativ studie hvor målet har vært å oppnå kunnskap om rePULSE er et program som kan brukes for å øke sosial kompetanse hos barn med Asperger syndrom og høytfungerende autisme. Vansker med sosial kompetanse er en av kjernevanskene for barn med autismespekterforstyrrelser. Å inneha sosial kompetanse er viktig for blant annet å lykkes i utvikling av positive relasjoner med jevnaldrende og å mestre skole eller jobb. Det finnes i dag ulike programmer for trening av sosial kompetanse for barn og ungdom. Et av disse er rePULSE, som gjennom impulskontroll, sosial ferdighetstrening og moralsk resonering, sikter mot å øke deltakerens sosiale kompetanse. I denne studien har 5 barn deltatt, 2 har gjennomførte rePULSE og 3 har vært i en kontrollgruppe. Det ble benyttet N=1 design, multiple probe, der ferdigheter presentert i rePULSE ble kartlagt på forhånd og testet underveis. Pre- og posttester ble gjennomført. Resultatene av multiple probe designet ble fremstilt i grafer for en visuell analyse. RCI ble brukt for å analysere om endringer i testskår på pre og posttester ble ansett som signifikante. Foreldre, barn og lærernes opplevelse av deltakelse og effekt av rePULSE ble kartlagt. Masteroppgaven består av to deler, en artikkel og en sammenfatning. Artikkelen er skrevet og utformet etter retningslinjene til Fontene forskning (vedlegg 1). Sammenfatningen utdyper det teoretiske grunnlaget for studien