ICU at home, with the use of mobile IC unit services:intensive care goes that extra mile

In this report we describe a patient with a long ICU stay because of severe Guillain Barré syndrome. Treatment was patient-centred and Mobile ICU facilities were used to facilitate an ICU at home for one day. Early focus on individual needs and wishes and close communication with and within ICU treatment teams can help to improve the long-term consequences of ICU admission. Research on which interventions are effective and most cost-effective need to be performed

Overfeeding, Autonomic Regulation and Metabolic Consequences

The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of body processes in health and disease. Overfeeding and obesity (a disproportional increase of the fat mass of the body) are often accompanied by alterations in both sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic functions. The overfeeding-induced changes in autonomic outflow occur with typical symptoms such as adiposity and hyperinsulinemia. There might be a causal relationship between autonomic disturbances and the consequences of overfeeding and obesity. Therefore studies were designed to investigate autonomic functioning in experimentally and genetically hyperphagic rats. Special emphasis was given to the processes that are involved in the regulation of peripheral energy substrate homeostasis. The data revealed that overfeeding is accompanied by increased parasympathetic outflow. Typical indices of vagal activity (such as the cephalic insulin release during food ingestion) were increased in all our rat models for hyperphagia. Overfeeding was also accompanied by increased sympathetic tone, reflected by enhanced baseline plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels in both VMH-lesioned animals and rats rendered obese by hyperalimentation. Plasma levels of NE during exercise were, however, reduced in these two groups of animals. This diminished increase in the exercise-induced NE outflow could be normalized by prior food deprivation. It was concluded from these experiments that overfeeding is associated with increased parasympathetic and sympathetic tone. In models for hyperphagia that display a continuously elevated nutrient intake such as the VMH-lesioned and the overfed rat, this increased sympathetic tone was accompanied by a diminished NE response to exercise. This attenuated outflow of NE was directly related to the size of the fat reserves, indicating that the feedback mechanism from the periphery to the central nervous system is altered in the overfed state.

B3-, B2- and B1-Adrenoceptors in human and animal adipocytes

Vetweefsel is vrijwel overal in het lichaam van mens en dier aanwezig. Het heeft verschillende functies, waarvan de opslag van energie en de regulatie van de lichaamstemperatuur de belangrijkste zijn. De energieopslag vindt plaats in witte vetcellen, terwijl bruine vetcellen betrokken zijn bij de temperatuurregulatie. De energie wordt in de witte vetcellen (adipocyten) opgeslagen in de vorm van triglyceriden, i.e. vrije vetzuren veresterd met glycerol. ... Zie: Samenvattin

Differences in functional cyclic AMP compartments mediating lipolysis by isoprenaline and BRL 37344 in four adipocyte types

Triglyceride mobilization and adenylyl cyclase activation in adipocytes from Wistar rats, lean Zucker (Fa/?) rats, obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats and humans were investigated in concentration-response studies with (-)-isoprenaline and the atypical beta-3-adrenoceptor selective agonist BRL 37344. Maximum FFA production by both agonists was identical in Wistar rat and lean Zucker rat adipocytes, while obese Zucker rat adipocytes and human adipocytes produced significantly less FFA, especially with BRL 37344. Maximum adenylyl cyclase activation by (-)-isoprenaline was similar for all types of adipocyte ghosts, whereas BRL 37344 was a partial agonist in all cases with the lowest intrinsic activity in human adipocytes. For (-)-isoprenaline the relationship between cAMP and lipolysis was steepest with Wistar rat adipocytes, followed by human and lean Zucker rat adipocytes, while obese Zucker rat cells showed a shallow relationship. For BRL 37344, the relationship was very steep and similar for all four adipocyte types, despite the marked differences in maximal lipolysis and cyclic AMP production. The results strongly argue in favour of cyclic AMP compartmentalization, the activity ratio between the functional and the non-functional compartment being least favourable in obese Zucker rat adipocytes. The atypical beta-3-adrenoceptor agonist BRL 37344 very efficiently directs the generated cyclic AMP into the functional compartment in all four adipocytes types investigated