Patente als Sicherheiten bei der Kreditvergabe

Im November letzten Jahres veranstaltete das Europäische Patentamt einen Workshop zu den Veränderungen, die sich aus der Einführung von Vorschlägen zur Neufassung der Baseler Eigenkapitalvereinbarung von 1988 ergeben, die darauf zielen, die Kapitalanforderungen an Banken stärker als bisher vom ökonomischen Risiko abhängig zu machen. Diese Neuregelung sieht bei der Bestimmung der Eigenkapitalquote eine Reihe von Ansätzen zur Messung des Kreditrisikos und des operationellen Risikos vor und eröffnet gleichzeitig die Möglichkeit der Einbeziehung weiterer, bisher nicht berücksichtigter Sicherheiten, zu denen auch Patente gehören können, sofern ihre wirtschaftliche Bedeutung belegt werden kann. Dies bietet technologieorientierten, kleineren Firmen Möglichkeiten, ihre Kreditbedingungen zu verbessern. In zwei hier dokumentierten Vorträgen stellen Guido von Scheffer und Dirk Loop, IP Bewertungs AG, Hamburg, und Dr. Holger Himmel und Sven Mussler, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Frankfurt am Main, verschiedene Alternativen der Patentbewertung zur Absicherung von Kreditrisiken vor.Patent, Kreditgeschäft, Eigenkapital, Kreditrisiko, Finanzierung, Bewertung, Immaterielles Anlagevermögen

The DAX and the Dollar: The Economic Exchange Rate Exposure of German Corporations

This paper examines the economic exposure of German corporations to changes in the DM/US-dollar exchange-rate. Our work contributes to the existing body of literature in the following ways. Firstly, we point out conceptual problems of previous attempts to estimate economic exposure. Secondly, we find that German firms are significantly exposed to changes in the DM/US-dollar rate. However, our results are unstable over time.© 2000 JIBS. Journal of International Business Studies (2000) 31, 715–724

Multiple complexation of CO and related ligands to a main group element

The ability of an atom or molecular fragment to bind multiple carbon monoxide (CO) molecules to form multicarbonyl adducts is a fundamental trait of transition metals. Transition-metal carbonyl complexes are vital to industry, appear naturally in the active sites of a number of enzymes (such as hydrogenases), are promising therapeutic agents, and have even been observed in interstellar dust clouds2. Despite the wealth of established transition-metal multicarbonyl complexes3, no elements outside groups 4 to 12 of the periodic table have yet been shown to react directly with two or more CO units to form stable multicarbonyl adducts. Here we present the synthesis of a borylene dicarbonyl complex, the first multicarbonyl complex of a main-group element prepared using CO. The compound is additionally stable towards ambient air and moisture. The synthetic strategy used—liberation of a borylene ligand from a transition metal using donor ligands—is broadly applicable, leading to a number of unprecedented monovalent boron species with different Lewis basic groups. The similarity of these compounds to conventional transition-metal carbonyl complexes is demonstrated by photolytic liberation of CO and subsequent intramolecular carbon–carbon bond activation

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), Far Detector Technical Design Report, Volume I Introduction to DUNE

International audienceThe preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay—these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. This TDR is intended to justify the technical choices for the far detector that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. Volume I contains an executive summary that introduces the DUNE science program, the far detector and the strategy for its modular designs, and the organization and management of the Project. The remainder of Volume I provides more detail on the science program that drives the choice of detector technologies and on the technologies themselves. It also introduces the designs for the DUNE near detector and the DUNE computing model, for which DUNE is planning design reports. Volume II of this TDR describes DUNE's physics program in detail. Volume III describes the technical coordination required for the far detector design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure. Volume IV describes the single-phase far detector technology. A planned Volume V will describe the dual-phase technology