Carbon footprint labels involving traffic lights foster sustainable food choices

One reason consumers buy unsustainable products is that judging the environmental impact of food choices is very difficult. This study examines whether using carbon footprint labels to convey relevant impact information increases the tendency to choose low-carbon food items. In a pre-registered online experiment, 1,126 participants chose between low-CO2 and high-CO2 products 14 times (e.g., chili sin carne versus chili con carne or margarine versus butter). The two alternatives were either presented without labels (control), with a label communicating the food alternative’s relative sustainability within its food category (traffic light), with a label communicating the absolute carbon emissions in kg CO2 (absolute), or with a label communicating both the relative sustainability and absolute carbon emissions (combined). The results show that the traffic light label and the combined label increased the chance of choosing a low-CO2 (versus a high-CO2) food item. There were no interactions between carbon footprint labels and environmental concern / cognitive reflection. Our research contributes to the discussion on the effectiveness and practical relevance of carbon footprint labels by testing a specific traffic light design and demonstrating the limited impact of communicating absolute carbon emissions

Body appreciation around the world: Measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age

The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely used measure of a core facet of the positive body image construct. However, extant research concerning measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across a large number of nations remains limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset - with data collected between 2020 and 2022 - to assess measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that full scalar invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional BAS-2 model has widespread applicability. There were large differences across nations and languages in latent body appreciation, while differences across gender identities and age groups were negligible-to-small. Additionally, greater body appreciation was significantly associated with higher life satisfaction, being single (versus being married or in a committed relationship), and greater rurality (versus urbanicity). Across a subset of nations where nation-level data were available, greater body appreciation was also significantly associated with greater cultural distance from the United States and greater relative income inequality. These findings suggest that the BAS-2 likely captures a near-universal conceptualisation of the body appreciation construct, which should facilitate further cross-cultural research