A Study of the Scale for Health Behavior Skill for Elementary Pupils (I) ―How a Scale Is Formed―

学校における保健教育の今日的課題として，児童が自己の健康問題に対処し，健康の保持 増進ができる能力を育成するライフスキル教育の必要性が指摘されている。そこで，本研究 では，小学生用健康行動スキル尺度（案）を作成し，児童のライフスタイル要因や自覚症状 の訴えなどとの関連を検討してみることにした。健康行動スキル尺度は，保健学習の評価は もちろん，児童自身のライフスタイルや健康に関する自己管理にも活用できると考えられる。 そこで，第１報では，小学校３・４年の保健の教科書から健康行動に関する45 目を選択して， 小学生５・６年生を対象に調査を行った。そして，因子分析によって33 項目を抽出し，さ らに精選して20 項目からなる小学生用健康行動スキル尺度（案）を作成した。第２報にお いて，このスキル尺度とライフスタイル要因や自覚症状の訴えとの関連を検討する

Active Learning Approach in Simulated Health Guidance Utilizing ICT : Class Development and Improvement to Cultivate Practical Learning Instruction Abilities

　養護教諭の職務の重要な柱である保健指導の実践的指導力を育成するために，養成段階においても能動的学修を推進する必要がある。そこで教職科目「教育方法論」において，ICT を活用した能動的学修として模擬保健指導に取り組んだ。授業では，子どもの実態や健康課題に基づいて指導案を作成し保健指導の設計・実施・評価を一連の流れとしたグループ活動を展開した。平成25 年度から平成27 年度の3 年間の授業開発・改善の結果，「非常に到達目標を達成できた」とする学生は，平成25 年度の18.2%から平成27 年度は26.7%に増加した。「授業目標や内容が非常に理解できた」のは31.8%から60%，「教材が授業内容の理解や自宅学習に非常に役立った」のは40.9%から60%，2時間以上予習や課題にかける学生も18.2%から40%に増加した．保健指導の実践的指導力を育成し効果的な授業を可能とするためには，模擬保健指導をICT を活用した能動的学修にすることは有効といえる

School Health Organization at Junior High School Attached to the School Education,Okayama University

　岡山大学教育学部附属中学校における学校保健委員会の取組み，および学校保健委員会の資料の養護実習への活用について報告する。附属中学校の学校保健委員会は，①学校保健活動の全体像が理解されること，②課題が明確になる資料を工夫すること，③関係者の共通理解が図られること，の3つの視点から取組まれており，このことが日々の学校保健活動に対する有効な施策を協議するために重要であった。学校保健委員会の資料は同時に，養護実習において学生が学校保健活動を理解するための教材として活用できる

Tracking overweight and obesity in Japanese children ; a six years longitudinal study

Childhood overweight/obesity is growing steeply, globally. It is usually regarded as a risk factor for severe obesity over life-time course. Here, we investigated temporal course of overweight/obesity development in Japanese school children. A six-year longitudinal study was performed on 16,245 Japanese primary school children (8,427 boys and 7,818 girls) comprising three cohorts of 1st~3rd grade. A baseline survey was conducted at 2001, followed by annual baseline studies from 2002~2007 to determine the prevalence and track overweight/obesity. Our results showed that the prevalence of overweight was 15~23% in boys and 15~18% in girls, however, for obesity it ranged between 4~7% in boys ; and 2~4% in girls. As regards for tracking status, 60~80% of overweight and 35~70% of obese Japanese primary school boys track into overweight or obese junior high school adolescents. However, these percentages are lower among primary school girls, where only 50~70% overweight and 30~60% obese primary school girls track into overweight and obese adolescents, respectively. We conclude that Japanese boys are fatter than girls ; and ~80% of overweight/obese Japanese primary school children track into junior high school overweight/obese adolescents

Correlation of month and season of birth with height, weight and degree of obesity of rural Japanese children

Month and season of birth are thought to influence height, weight and degree of obesity in schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was designed to measure the height and weight of all children aged 6-15 years attending primary and junior high schools in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. Data were standardized (z-scores) and analysed separately by gender and age. The mean z-score for height and weight were the highest in subjects born during the months of spring and the lowest in those born during the months of winter (p < 0.0001), whereas the means were significantly higher in children born during the months of summer than in those born during the months of autumn (p < 0.0001). A gradually decreasing trend of height and weight was observed in children of both genders born between May and Mar (from spring to winter). There was no significant difference in degree of obesity among the four seasons of birth for boys and girls. The highest prevalence of obese boys have born during spring (among 6-year-old boys) and summer (among 7-year-old boys), whereas the highest prevalence of obese girls have born during spring (among 6-year-old girls) and winter (among 10-year-old girls). Our findings suggest that month and season of birth influence height and weight of schoolchildren in Tokushima but not their degree of obesity

Determinants of life satisfaction among Japanese elderly women attending health care and welfare service facilities

Prolonged life expectancy must be recognized as an excellent achievement of modern medicine, but not all the elderly people are satisfied with their lives. Life satisfaction is a multi-dimensional issue that depends on many objective and subjective characteristics. In this study, we aimed at investigating the factors affecting life satisfaction of 314 elderly Japanese women attending in 28 elderly-care and welfare facilities at Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. Our results indicated that elderly subjects with depression tendencies always show significantly lower degrees of life satisfaction than others who are not depressed (p 0.001) regardless of their cognitive status. Furthermore, elderly women who shared decision for their living place and whose opinions were considered for daily life decisions reported significantly more life satisfaction levels than others. We conclude that elderly life satisfaction is affected by various determinants however, with different influencing weight. Life satisfaction of elderly people, with or without dementia, is greatly affected by their mood status and share in decision making. Avoiding elderly people depressive mood, sharing them in various daily decisions, considering their opinions, and allowing them to decide their elderly-care facility placement are crucial determinants for their life satisfaction and essential for their coping, adaptation, well-being and successful aging

パソコン ニ タイスル ヨウゴ キョウユ ノ ニンシキ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ : パソコン ノ シヨウシャグン ト フシヨウシャグン ノ ヒカク ヨリ

We did recognition investigation of a school nurse about a personal computer. A result about recognition about a personal computer is following five items. ○ The person who replied thet there was some weak point consciousness for a personal computer exceeded 80%. ○ About recognition about a change of general personal computer use after now, the person who replied that it would be suddenly increased exceeded 50%. ○ For the question that "How will you corresponding to use of a personal computer as a school nurse", the person who replied that using positively exceeded 60%. ○ If personal computer course for a school nurse was held, the person who hoped for participation exceeded 90%. ○ The person who replied that "I thought that a personal computer was necessary for a health room" exceeded 90%.国立情報学研究所『研究紀要公開支援事業』により電子化

Activity of Health Education at Primary School Attached to the School Education, Okayama University

　附属小学校において，日頃の保健室で児童との関わりから気づいた課題と体育科保健領域とのつながりを意識しながら，歯・口を題材に，からだの発育発達についての保健指導を行った。同時に，養護教諭養成をになう附属小学校として，保健指導に取り組む際のプロセスを明確にすることを目的に，実践の振り返りを行った。指導計画の作成から実践までの過程を，児童の学び，授業者の反省，学級担任の評価についてまとめ，保健指導の展開にいかす視点を検討したので報告する

Effects of lifestyle habits and eating meals together with the family on the prevalence of obesity among school children in Tokushima, Japan : a cross-sectional questionnaire- based survey

Obesity in children has become a major global public health concern. The prevention of obesity must start from early childhood in order to establish sound lifestyle habits and promote healthy adulthood. In this study, we evaluated factors associated with the prevention of obesity and the development of healthy lifestyle habits in children. A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was performed in elementary and junior high school students in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan, during the summer of 2004. The questionnaire consisted of 30 items such as physique, sleep, eating habits, diet, exercise, free time, and attending after-school lessons. Our study revealed that eating meals as a family every day is associated with a lower rate of obesity as well as getting good lifestyle habits such as eating balanced meals and getting enough sleep. Of the 3,291 students who responded to the questionnaire, 2,688 (81.7%) reported that they eat meals with their family every day. The percentage of students who eat meals with their family every day decreased with increasing school grade, with the lowest percent in the junior high school students. However, the results regarding female junior high school students revealed a marked association between eating meals with the family every day and good lifestyle habits. We recommend that parents and school teaching staff encourage the establishment of sound, healthy lifestyle habits in children from early childhood as an effective measure for the prevention of obesity

Graduate Students’ Learning in Yogo-practice Research

　「発達支援研究特論Ⅴ（養護教育実践研究）」は，大学で学んだ理論を学校現場で実証し，養護実践研究を行う 能力を身に付けることを目標にした授業科目である。大学院生３名の附属小・中学校における取組と課題の検討 を通じて，学びと保健室経営への参画について考察した。その結果，大学院生は異なる事例の検討を通じて，様々 な角度から課題を発見し，その対策を示すことができた。また，事例検討の過程で，自分自身が一定の役割を果 たすこと，より広い視野を持つ必要性，一人の養護教諭としての自覚をより強く持つ必要があること等に気付く ことができた。大学教員の課題として，養護実践のふりかえりの頻度を増やし，よりきめ細かくフィードバック すること等が挙げられた。このような取組は養護教諭としての資質能力の向上に有用であると考えられた。今後 は大学院生が自覚的，主体的に養護実践に取り組み，学びを検討し，共有する機会の充実が求められる