Three ways to resist temptation: the independent contributions of executive attention, inhibitory control, and affect regulation to the impulse control of eating behavior

It is generally assumed that impulse control plays a major role in many areas of self-regulation such as eating behavior. However, the exact mechanisms that enable the control of impulsive determinants such as automatic affective reactions toward tempting stimuli are not well understood. “The present research investigated the separate moderator effects of three factors of impulse control, executive attention, inhibitory control, and affect regulation on the relationship between automatic affective reactions toward candy and subsequent candy consumption.” Results showed that all three factors reduced the influence of automatic affective reactions on eating behavior, indicating improved impulse control. Implications for self-regulation research are discussed

Übersättigte Mischkristalle aus dem Schmelzfluß

Manganese is soluble in solid aluminium up to 1.85% at the eutectic temperature, according to the equilibrium diagram. After quenching molten alloys, higher degrees of supersaturation are reached. By drawing the melt in a key shaped copper mold, cooled by liquid air and evacuated, 7.6% of manganese are absorbed in solid solution. X-ray diagrams show, that concentration differences within this highly supersaturated mixed crystals are smaller than expected. A survey of similar phenomenons in other systems and in technical alloy is given

Politische Kultur als das Andere der kommunikativen Vernunft: Stellenwert und Konzept 'politischer Kultur' in Jürgen Habermas' Theorie der deliberativen Demokratie

Jürgen Habermas verwendet in seiner Theorie der deliberativen Demokratie ein ambivalentes Konzept von politischer Kultur, das zu einigen Widersprüchen führt. Einerseits sind in seiner Theorie die Bereiche der ästhetischen und kulturellen Kommunikation nicht rational im Sinne der kommunikativen Rationalität. Auf der anderen Seite ist Kultur unverzichtbare Quelle von Solidarität und sozialem Sinn, die für Kommunikation und demokratische Entscheidungen unverzichtbar sind. In modernen Gesellschaften wird dieser Widerspruch ein zentrales Problem. Sinn und Solidarität werden dort durch eine beschleunigte soziale und politische Kommunikation verbraucht und die kulturelle Differenz auf nationaler und transnationaler Ebene machen konsensuelle Entscheidungen immer unwahrscheinlicher. Indem Habermas in seinen neueren Schriften Religion als einzige Ersatzquelle von Solidarität und sozialem Sinn einführt, folgt er der Tradition der Kritischen Theorie und vernachlässigt andere mögliche Quellen des sozialen Sinns.Using a very ambivalent concept of political culture, Jürgen Habermas' theory of deliberative democracy runs into contradictions of pressing relevance. On the one hand, his model of communicative action, as well as his theory of political deliberation excludes cultural and aesthetical communication from being rational in the strict sense of communicative rationality. On the other hand, he emphasizes the importance of the cultural sources of meaning and solidarity, which are indispensable for communication and democratic decisions. In modern societies this dichotomy becomes a vital problem. Sense and solidarity are consumed by accelerated social and political communication, and cultural diversity on the national and transnational level makes consensual decisions more and more unlikely. By introducing religion as the only compensatory resource for solidarity and meaning, Habermas, in his recent writings, neglects - following the tradition of Critical Theory - other possible sources of social sense

Georg Sachs

Nachruf der Braunschweigischen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Vorgetragen in der Plenarsitzung am 14.12.196

Implicit and Explicit Attitudes and Interracial Interaction: The Moderating Role of Situationally Available Control Resources

The present research examined whether implicit and explicit racial attitudes predict interracial interaction behavior differently as a function of situationally available control resources. Specifically, we investigated how implicit attitudes (Implicit Association Test) and explicit attitudes (Blatant/Subtle prejudice) were related to interracial interaction behaviors of Italians toward an African interviewer (Study 1) and of Germans toward a Turkish interviewer (Study 2). For half of the interview questions, participants' control resources were reduced via a memory task. Across both studies, the Race IAT was more predictive of behavior when participants were taxed than when untaxed. Conversely, explicit attitudes were somewhat more predictive under full resources. Taken together, our findings suggest that available control resources moderate the predictive validity of implicit and explicit attitudes

Verbundkörper aus Sinterwerkstoff und kompaktem Metall, hergestellt durch Aufpressen und Sintern

Joints of sintered powder-metal and wrought metal were obtained in the following combinations: iron-powder upon steel, iron-copper upon steel, lead bronze upon steel, tungsten-copper upon copper, silver-graphite upon copper. The powder was pressed into the surface of the base metal and then both were sintered. The influence of the grain size, of the amount of pressure applied and of the sintering temperature were investigated. The strength of the joint was examined by tensile and shear tests. Values of the strength of the joints in the order of a few kg/mm^2 were observed. These values could be further enlarged by conclusive forging. This paper mainly describes the observations made in non-ferrous metals

Schweißversuche mittels Kondensator-Stoßentladung

The surfaces to be welded were connected with a condenser. The voltage was 500 to 3000 V at a capacity of 40 to 500 [my]F. When the two parts were pushed together they were welded by means of the high density of energy in space and time. The following metals could be welded: wolfram with constantan, wolfram with German silver, wolfram with copper, wolfram with lead, wolfram with aluminium, wolfram with bismuth, aluminium with copper, hardmetal with steel, lead with steel. The quality of the welded joint was controled by tensile tests, by metallographic examination and by resistance measurements