Arginine or Hypertonic Saline-Stimulated Copeptin to Diagnose AVP Deficiency

BACKGROUND Distinguishing between arginine vasopressin (AVP) deficiency and primary polydipsia is challenging. Hypertonic saline-stimulated copeptin has been used to diagnose AVP deficiency with high accuracy but requires close sodium monitoring. Arginine-stimulated copeptin has shown similar diagnostic accuracy but with a simpler test protocol. However, data are lacking from a head-to-head comparison between arginine-stimulated copeptin and hypertonic saline-stimulated copeptin in the diagnosis of AVP deficiency. METHODS In this international, noninferiority trial, we assigned adult patients with polydipsia and hypotonic polyuria or a known diagnosis of AVP deficiency to undergo diagnostic evaluation with hypertonic-saline stimulation on one day and with arginine stimulation on another day. Two endocrinologists independently made the final diagnosis of AVP deficiency or primary polydipsia with use of clinical information, treatment response, and the hypertonic-saline test results. The primary outcome was the overall diagnostic accuracy according to prespecified copeptin cutoff values of 3.8 pmol per liter after 60 minutes for arginine and 4.9 pmol per liter once the sodium level was more than 149 mmol per liter for hypertonic saline. RESULTS Of the 158 patients who underwent the two tests, 69 (44%) received the diagnosis of AVP deficiency and 89 (56%) received the diagnosis of primary polydipsia. The diagnostic accuracy was 74.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 67.0 to 80.6) for arginine-stimulated copeptin and 95.6% (95% CI, 91.1 to 97.8) for hypertonic saline-stimulated copeptin (estimated difference, -21.2 percentage points; 95% CI, -28.7 to -14.3). Adverse events were generally mild with the two tests. A total of 72% of the patients preferred testing with arginine as compared with hypertonic saline. Arginine-stimulated copeptin at a value of 3.0 pmol per liter or less led to a diagnosis of AVP deficiency with a specificity of 90.9% (95% CI, 81.7 to 95.7), whereas levels of more than 5.2 pmol per liter led to a diagnosis of primary polydipsia with a specificity of 91.4% (95% CI, 83.7 to 95.6). CONCLUSIONS Among adult patients with polyuria polydipsia syndrome, AVP deficiency was more accurately diagnosed with hypertonic saline-stimulated copeptin than with arginine-stimulated copeptin. (Funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation; CARGOx ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03572166.)

Identification of circulating monocytes as producers of tuberculosis disease biomarker C1q

Tuberculosis (TB) is a prevalent disease causing an estimated 1.6 million deaths and 10.6 million new cases annually. Discriminating TB disease from differential diagnoses can be complex, particularly in the field. Increased levels of complement component C1q in serum have been identified as a specific and accessible biomarker for TB disease but the source of C1q in circulation has not been identified. Here, data and samples previously collected from human cohorts, a clinical trial and a non-human primate study were used to identify cells producing C1q in circulation. Cell subset frequencies were correlated with serum C1q levels and combined with single cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry analyses. This identified monocytes as C1q producers in circulation, with a pronounced expression of C1q in classical and intermediate monocytes and variable expression in non-classical monocytes

Forty years of working with corpora: from Ibsen to Twitter, and beyond

We provide an overview of forty years of work with language corpora by the research group that started in 1972 as the Norwegian Computing Centre for the Humanities. A brief history highlights major corpora and tools that have been developed in numerous collaborations, including corpora of literature, dialect recordings, learner language, parallel texts, newspaper articles, blog posts and tweets. Current activities are also described, with a focus on corpus analysis tools, treebanks and social media analysis. Keywords: corpus building; corpus analysis tools; treebanks; social media analysi

Web-Based Supervisor, Management and Leadership Training (semester?), IPRO 306: Web-Based Supervisor Mgmt and Leadership Training IPRO 306 Poster F07

The primary purpose of the Interprofessional Project (IPRO) 306 team is to enable a group of students from diverse cultural, economic, and academic backgrounds to work towards a common goal and conjointly succeed. The secondary purpose of the IPRO 306 team is to develop a topical web-based supervisory, management, and leadership program. In pursuing our objectives, we will gain familiarity and understanding of the best training methods, the most significant and universal leadership traits for organizational effectiveness, and an appreciation for our own unique strengths on an interdisciplinary team.Deliverables for IPRO 306: Web-Based Supervisor, Management and Leadership Training for the Fall 2007 semeste

Web-Based Supervisor, Management and Leadership Training (semester?), IPRO 306: web-based Supervisor Mgmt and Leadership Training IPRO 306 Project Plan F07

The primary purpose of the Interprofessional Project (IPRO) 306 team is to enable a group of students from diverse cultural, economic, and academic backgrounds to work towards a common goal and conjointly succeed. The secondary purpose of the IPRO 306 team is to develop a topical web-based supervisory, management, and leadership program. In pursuing our objectives, we will gain familiarity and understanding of the best training methods, the most significant and universal leadership traits for organizational effectiveness, and an appreciation for our own unique strengths on an interdisciplinary team.Deliverables for IPRO 306: Web-Based Supervisor, Management and Leadership Training for the Fall 2007 semeste

Web-Based Supervisor, Management and Leadership Training (semester?), IPRO 306: Web-Based Supervisor Mgmt and Leadership Training IPRO 306 Final Report F07

The primary purpose of the Interprofessional Project (IPRO) 306 team is to enable a group of students from diverse cultural, economic, and academic backgrounds to work towards a common goal and conjointly succeed. The secondary purpose of the IPRO 306 team is to develop a topical web-based supervisory, management, and leadership program. In pursuing our objectives, we will gain familiarity and understanding of the best training methods, the most significant and universal leadership traits for organizational effectiveness, and an appreciation for our own unique strengths on an interdisciplinary team.Deliverables for IPRO 306: Web-Based Supervisor, Management and Leadership Training for the Fall 2007 semeste

Web-Based Supervisor, Management and Leadership Training (semester?), IPRO 306: Web-Based Supervisor Mgmt and Leadership Training IPRO 306 Midterm Report F07

The primary purpose of the Interprofessional Project (IPRO) 306 team is to enable a group of students from diverse cultural, economic, and academic backgrounds to work towards a common goal and conjointly succeed. The secondary purpose of the IPRO 306 team is to develop a topical web-based supervisory, management, and leadership program. In pursuing our objectives, we will gain familiarity and understanding of the best training methods, the most significant and universal leadership traits for organizational effectiveness, and an appreciation for our own unique strengths on an interdisciplinary team.Deliverables for IPRO 306: Web-Based Supervisor, Management and Leadership Training for the Fall 2007 semeste