396 research outputs found

    Monkeys, typewriters and networks: the internet in the light of the theory of accidental excellence

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    Viewed in the light of the theory of accidental excellence, there is much to suggest that the success of the Internet and its various protocols derives from a communications technology accident, or better, a series of accidents. In the early 1990s, many experts still saw the Internet as an academic toy that would soon vanish into thin air again. The Internet probably gained its reputation as an academic toy largely because it violated the basic principles of traditional communications networks. The quarrel about paradigms that erupted in the 1970s between the telephony world and the newly emerging Internet community was not, however, only about transmission technology doctrines. It was also about the question – still unresolved today – as to who actually governs the flow of information: the operators or the users of the network? The paper first describes various network architectures in relation to the communication cultures expressed in their make-up. It then examines the creative environment found at the nodes of the network, whose coincidental importance for the Internet boom must not be forgotten. Finally, the example of Usenet is taken to look at the kind of regulatory practices that have emerged in the communications services provided within the framework of a decentralised network architecture. --

    Internet... the final frontier: an ethnographic account: exploring the cultural space of the Net from the inside

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    The research project The Internet as a space for interaction, which completed its mission in Autumn 1998, studied the constitutive features of network culture and network organisation. Special emphasis was given to the dynamic interplay of technical and social conventions regarding both the Net’s organisation as well as its change. The ethnographic perspective chosen studied the Internet from the inside. Research concentrated upon three fields of study: the hegemonial operating technology of net nodes (UNIX) the network’s basic transmission technology (the Internet Protocol IP) and a popular communication service (Usenet). The project’s final report includes the results of the three branches explored. Drawing upon the development in the three fields it is shown that changes that come about on the Net are neither anarchic nor arbitrary. Instead, the decentrally organised Internet is based upon technically and organisationally distributed forms of coordination within which individual preferences collectively attain the power of developing into definitive standards. --

    Monkeys, typewriters and networks: the internet in the light of the theory of accidental excellence

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    Viewed in the light of the theory of accidental excellence, there is much to suggest that the success of the Internet and its various protocols derives from a communications technology accident, or better, a series of accidents. In the early 1990s, many experts still saw the Internet as an academic toy that would soon vanish into thin air again. The Internet probably gained its reputation as an academic toy largely because it violated the basic principles of traditional communications networks. The quarrel about paradigms that erupted in the 1970s between the telephony world and the newly emerging Internet community was not, however, only about transmission technology doctrines. It was also about the question – still unresolved today – as to who actually governs the flow of information: the operators or the users of the network? The paper first describes various network architectures in relation to the communication cultures expressed in their make-up. It then examines the creative environment found at the nodes of the network, whose coincidental importance for the Internet boom must not be forgotten. Finally, the example of Usenet is taken to look at the kind of regulatory practices that have emerged in the communications services provided within the framework of a decentralised network architecture

    Monkeys, typewriters and networks: the internet in the light of the theory of accidental excellence

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    "Viewed in the light of the theory of accidental excellence, there is much to suggest that the success of the Internet and its various protocols derives from a communications technology accident, or better, a series of accidents. In the early 1990s, many experts still saw the Internet as an academic toy that would soon vanish into thin air again. The Internet probably gained its reputation as an academic toy largely because it violated the basic principles of traditional communications networks. The quarrel about paradigms that erupted in the 1970s between the telephony world and the newly emerging Internet community was not, however, only about transmission technology doctrines. It was also about the question - still unresolved today - as to who actually governs the flow of information: the operators or the users of the network? The paper first describes various network architectures in relation to the communication cultures expressed in their make-up. It then examines the creative environment found at the nodes of the network, whose coincidental importance for the Internet boom must not be forgotten. Finally, the example of Usenet is taken to look at the kind of regulatory practices that have emerged in the communications services provided within the framework of a decentralised network architecture." (author's abstract)"Aus der Perspektive der Theorie von der zufĂ€lligen Entstehung herausragender Leistungen spricht vieles dafĂŒr, daß sich der Erfolg des Internet und der ihm zugrundeliegenden technischen Standards einer Reihe von kommunikationstechnischen ZufĂ€llen verdankt. Noch in den frĂŒhen 1990er Jahren galt das Internet in den Augen vieler Experten als akademisches Spielzeug ohne große Zukunft, denn es widersprach allen Konstruktionslehren herkömmlicher Telekommunikationsnetze. Der Paradigmenstreit, der in den 1970er Jahren zwischen der Telefonwelt und der sich herausbildenden Internetgemeinde ausbrach, drehte sich nicht nur um die 'rechte' Art von Übertragungstechnik. Es ging dabei auch um die - bis heute unentschiedene - Frage, wer ĂŒber den Kommunikationsfluß herrscht: die Betreiber oder die Nutzer des Netzes? Der Aufsatz beschreibt zunĂ€chst unterschiedliche Netzarchitekturen und setzt diese in Beziehung zu den jeweiligen Kommunikationskulturen, die sich in ihre Gestalt eingeschrieben haben. Anschließend wird die an den Netzknoten beheimatete, kreative Umgebung dargestellt, deren Bedeutung fĂŒr die rasche Ausbreitung des Internet nicht unterschĂ€tzt werden sollte. Am Beispiel des Usenet wird schließlich auf die regulativen Praktiken eingegangen, die sich im Rahmen der dezentralen Internetarchitektur bei den Kommunikationsdiensten gebildet haben." (Autorenreferat

    Internet... the final frontier: an ethnographic account ; exploring the cultural space of the net from the inside

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    "The research project 'The Internet as a space for interaction', which completed its mission in Autumn 1998, studied the constitutive features of network culture and network organisation. Special emphasis was given to the dynamic interplay of technical and social conventions regarding both the net's organisation as well as its change. The ethnographic perspective chosen studied the Internet from the inside. Research concentrated upon three fields of study: the hegemonial operating technology of net nodes (UNIX) the network’s basic transmission technology (the Internet Protocol IP) and a popular communication service (Usenet). The project's final report includes the results of the three branches explored. Drawing upon the development in the three fields it is shown that changes that come about on the Net are neither anarchic nor arbitrary. Instead, the decentrally organised Internet is based upon technically and organisationally distributed forms of coordination within which individual preferences collectively attain the power of developing into definitive standards." (author's abstract)"Das im Herbst 1998 abgeschlossene Forschungsprojekt 'Interaktionsraum Internet' hat sich mit den konstitutiven Merkmalen der Netzkultur und Netzwerkorganisation beschĂ€ftigt. Im Vordergrund des Interesses stand das dynamische Zusammenspiel technischer und gesellschaftlicher Konventionen in der Organisation wie auch im Wandel des Netzes. Die ethnographisch angeleitete Binnenperspektive auf das Internet konzentrierte sich auf drei ausgewĂ€hlte Bereiche, um Prozesse der Institutionenbildung und die Formen ihrer Transformation zu studieren: die hegemoniale Betriebstechnik der Netzknoten (UNIX), die grundlegende Übertragungstechnik im Netz (das Internet Protokoll IP) und einen populĂ€ren Kommunikationsdienst (Usenet). Der Schlußbericht des Projekts enthĂ€lt die Ergebnisse der drei UntersuchungsstrĂ€nge. Gezeigt wird anhand der Entwicklung in den drei Feldern, daß sich der Wandel des Netzes weder beliebig noch anarchisch vollzieht. Das dezentral organisierte Internet beruht vielmehr auf technisch wie organisatorisch verteilten Formen der Koordination, in denen individuelle HandlungsprĂ€ferenzen kollektiv definitionsmĂ€chtig werden." (Autorenreferat

    Internet... the final frontier: an ethnographic account: exploring the cultural space of the Net from the inside

    Full text link
    The research project The Internet as a space for interaction, which completed its mission in Autumn 1998, studied the constitutive features of network culture and network organisation. Special emphasis was given to the dynamic interplay of technical and social conventions regarding both the Net’s organisation as well as its change. The ethnographic perspective chosen studied the Internet from the inside. Research concentrated upon three fields of study: the hegemonial operating technology of net nodes (UNIX) the network’s basic transmission technology (the Internet Protocol IP) and a popular communication service (Usenet). The project’s final report includes the results of the three branches explored. Drawing upon the development in the three fields it is shown that changes that come about on the Net are neither anarchic nor arbitrary. Instead, the decentrally organised Internet is based upon technically and organisationally distributed forms of coordination within which individual preferences collectively attain the power of developing into definitive standards

    Internet... the final frontier: Eine Ethnographie. Schlußbericht des Projekts Interaktionsraum Internet. Netzkultur und Netzwerkorganisation

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    Das im Herbst 1998 abgeschlossene Forschungsprojekt Interaktionsraum Internet hat sich mit den konstitutiven Merkmalen der Netzkultur und Netzwerkorganisation beschĂ€ftigt. Im Vordergrund des Interesses stand das dynamische Zusammenspiel technischer und gesellschaftlicher Konventionen in der Organisation wie auch im Wandel des Netzes. Die ethnographisch angeleitete Binnenperspektive auf das Internet konzentrierte sich auf drei ausgewĂ€hlte Bereiche, um Prozesse der Institutionenbildung und die Formen ihrer Transformation zu studieren: die hegemoniale Betriebstechnik der Netzknoten (UNIX), die grundlegende Übertragungstechnik im Netz (das Internet Protokoll IP) und einen populĂ€ren Kommunikationsdienst (Usenet). Der Schlußbericht des Projekts enthĂ€lt die Ergebnisse der drei UntersuchungsstrĂ€nge. Gezeigt wird anhand der Entwicklung in den drei Feldern, daß sich der Wandel des Netzes weder beliebig noch anarchisch vollzieht. Das dezentral organisierte Internet beruht vielmehr auf technisch wie organisatorisch verteilten Formen der Koordination, in denen individuelle HandlungsprĂ€ferenzen kollektiv definitionsmĂ€chtig werden.The research project Interaktionsraum Internet, which completed its mission in Autumn 1998, studied the constitutive features of network culture and network organization. Special emphasis was given to the dynamic interplay of technical and social conventions regarding both the Net's organization as well as its change. The ethnographic perspective chosen studied the Internet from the inside. Research concentrated upon three fields of study: the hegemonial operating technology of net nodes (UNIX) the network's basic transmission technology (the Internet Protocol IP) and a popular communication service (Usenet). The project's final report includes the results of the three branches explored. Drawing upon the development in the three fields it is shown that changes that come about on the Net are neither anarchic nor arbitrary. Instead, the decentrally organized Internet is based upon technically and organizationally distributed forms of coordination within which individual preferences collectively attain the power of developing into definitive standards

    Reflexionen der kulturellen Globalisierung: Interkulturelle Begegnungen und ihre Folgen

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    Die vorliegende Veröffentlichung dokumentiert die BeitrĂ€ge des Kolloquiums IdentitĂ€t - AlteritĂ€t - InterkulturalitĂ€t. Kultur und Globalisierung vom 26./27. Mai in Darmstadt. Es geht darin um Fragen von subjektiver und kollektiver IdentitĂ€t im weiteren Sinne, um unterschiedliche Orte, Medien und Ressourcen der IdentitĂ€tsund Gemeinschaftsbildung und um Grundlagen der interkulturellen Kommunikation. Schwerpunkte bilden zum einen Migranten und ihre Communities als Akteure der Globalisierung und zum anderen Literatur, Tanz, Musik und Film als Felder der Inszenierung kultureller IdentitĂ€t. Die in den einzelnen BeitrĂ€gen aufscheinende Vielgestaltigkeit und Vielschichtigkeit interkultureller PhĂ€nomene verweist nachdrĂŒcklich auf die wissenschaftliche wie politische Bedeutung eines prozesshaften Kulturbegriffs, der das Dynamische und Unabgeschlossene von Kulturen betont und gegen essentialistische Fixierungen von kultureller IdentitĂ€t verteidigt.These proceedings contain the papers presented at an interdisciplinary colloquium on culture and globalization in Darmstadt on 26/27 May 2003. The aim of the colloquium was to discuss a broad range of issues including transnational cultural identity, the means and ways of identity and community formation, and the principles of intercultural communication. The main emphasis is on migrants as agents of globalization and on popular culture as an important site at which cultural identity is performed. The papers make a strong argument that culture may fruitfully be seen as process to get over fixed notions of cultural identity

    Themenparks re-made in Japan: ein Reisebericht

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    "Thematisierung zĂ€hlt zu den generativen Formschemata der Erlebnisgesellschaft und liegt weltweit im Trend. Trotz der zu beobachtenden globalen Homogenisierung bei Erlebnis- und Konsumwelten spielen lokale Freizeitkulturen weiterhin eine wichtige Rolle. Das Beispiel Japans zeigt anschaulich, wie stark Aufschwung und Niedergang der Erlebnisparkindustrie mit der allgemeinen wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung verflochten ist. Die Geschichte der japanischen Freizeitparkindustrie reicht ins 19. Jahrhundert zurĂŒck und lĂ€sst sich fĂŒr die Zeit nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg in drei Phasen einteilen. In den 1980er Jahren war ein Freizeitboom zu beobachten. Tokyo Disneyland, gegrĂŒndet 1993, ist der meistbesuchte Themenpark ĂŒberhaupt. Das Besuchsvolumen japanischer Freizeitparks entspricht knapp 80 Prozent der Bevölkerung. Geographie, Bevölkerungsverteilung und Freizeitbudget haben fĂŒr Japan charakteristische Strukturen der Nachfrage hervorgebracht. Als kulturelle Form erfĂ€hrt das Themenparkkonzept eine lokale Domestizierung, wie sowohl am Beispiel von Tokyo Disneyland, als auch an den zahlreichen 'auslĂ€ndischen Dörfern' gezeigt werden kann. Unterschiedliche Generationen von Erlebniswelten haben sich zeitgenössische technische Innovationen anverwandelt und eigene technische Formen ausgebildet. Virtuelle Erlebniswelten zĂ€hlen zu den StĂ€rken der japanischen Industrie, konnten bislang jedoch nicht den erhofften kommerziellen Erfolg erzielen." (Autorenreferat)"Themed environments have become part of a global consumer culture. However, local cultures continue to play a central role in shaping leisure facilities and activities. Japan is a prime example of how the rise and fall of the theme park industry are connected to the general economy. The history of the leisure industry after World War II can be divided into three phases. Due to geography, the concentration of population and leisure time budgets specific patterns of demand have emerged. Attendance at amusement and theme parks in Japan sums up to 80% of the population. From the 1980s to the 1990s, the leisure market in Japan grew exponentially. Tokyo Disneyland, opened in 1983, has been the most popular theme park in the world to date. Theme parks in Japan feature 'American culture' and foreign lands, albeit in a thoroughly domesticated way. Regarding amusement park rides and theme park attractions the Japanese industry has some strong points. Virtual theme parks are a novel form of urban amusement theme park, but their market performance has not yet lived up to expectations." (author's abstract

    Aus Kuratorium und Bibliothekskommission

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    Am 30. November 2007 endete die 3. Amtsperiode (1.12.2003 – 30.11.2007) des Kuratoriums. Unter dem Vorsitz von Herrn Prof. Liebig standen in diesen Jahren neben vielen Informationen zur Arbeit der SLUB vor allem folgende Themen auf der Tagesordnung
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