Introduction: Knowledge in the Making: Drawing and Writing as Research Techniques

Drawing and writing number among the most widespread scientific practices of representation. Neither photography, graphic recording apparatuses, typewriters, nor digital word- and image-processing ever completely replaced drawing and writing by hand. The interaction of hand, paper, and pen indeed involves much more than simply recording or visualizing what was previously thought, observed, or imagined. Both writing and drawing have the power to translate concepts and observations into two-dimensional, manageable, reproducible objects. They help to develop research questions and they open up an interaction between the gathering of phenomena and the formation of theses. Related to the manifold studies of representational activities in the sciences and the humanities, this topical issue tries to refine our understanding of the capacities of drawing and writing as research techniques; i.e. as productive epistemic practices. In particular the contributions address three aspects: the material conditions and configurations of the "scene of drawing and writing,” the involved procedures of production, and the languages of inscriptio

The Gestalt Growth Experience

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68663/2/10.1177_104649647901000303.pd

Impact of Different Training Modalities on Anthropometric and Metabolic Characteristics in Overweight/Obese Subjects:A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>The aim of this systematic review of randomized controlled trials was to compare the effects of aerobic training (AET), resistance training (RT), and combined aerobic and resistance training (CT) on anthropometric parameters, blood lipids, and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese subjects.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Electronic searches for randomized controlled trials were performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Trial Register. Inclusion criteria were: Body Mass Index: ≥25 kg/m², 19+ years of age, supervised exercise training, and a minimum intervention period of 8 weeks. Anthropometric outcomes, blood lipids, and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters were included. Pooled effects were calculated by inverse-variance random effect pairwise meta-analyses and Bayesian random effects network meta-analyses.</p><p>Findings</p><p>15 trials enrolling 741 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to RT, AET resulted in a significantly more pronounced reduction of body weight [mean differences (MD): -1.15 kg, p = 0.04], waist circumference [MD: -1.10 cm, p = 0.004], and fat mass [MD: -1.15 kg, p = 0.001] respectively. RT was more effective than AET in improving lean body mass [MD: 1.26 kg, p<0.00001]. When comparing CT with RT, MD in change of body weight [MD: -2.03 kg, p<0.0001], waist circumference [MD: -1.57 cm, p = 0.0002], and fat mass [MD: -1.88 kg, p<0.00001] were all in favor of CT. Results from the network meta-analyses confirmed these findings.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Evidence from both pairwise and network meta-analyses suggests that CT is the most efficacious means to reduce anthropometric outcomes and should be recommended in the prevention and treatment of overweight, and obesity whenever possible.</p></div

Jeder Fehler zählt : das Frankfurter Fehlerberichts- und Lernsystem für Hausarztpraxen

Anderer Fehler sind gute Lehrer « – so lautet ein nur wenig bekanntes altes deutsches Sprichwort. Für medizinische Fehler galt das die längste Zeit nicht: entweder totgeschwiegen oder als »Kunstfehler « in das Licht der Öffentlichkeit gezerrt, entzogen sich ärztliche Fehler einer systematischen Analyse. Damit hat die Medizin lange eine wichtige Chance vertan. Am Institut für Allgemeinmedizin der Universität Frankfurt beschäftigt sich seit einigen Jahren ein Team unter Leitung von Prof. Dr. Ferdinand Gerlach intensiv mit der Fehlerforschung. ..

A Device for Noninvasive Assessment of Vascular Impairment Risk in the Lower Extremity

The repeatability and resolution of the clinical gold standard of vascular assessment, the ankle-brachial index (ABI), was compared to that of a new device that dynamically assesses tissue perfusion during external loading utilizing laser Doppler flowmetry. Eight subjects of varying levels of vascular impairment were tested in successive weeks using two different sites on the subject\u27s posterior calf. These new measures included the perfusion decrease as well as the unloading delay during cyclic loading. Some new dynamic tissue perfusion measures demonstrated comparable levels of reproducibility with the ABI (e.g., 10%-20%). Only the unloading delay showed potentially enhanced resolution over ABI measures. The perfusion decrease showed little resolution, and the remaining parameters exhibited too great variability (25%-90%). The unloading delay associated with the reperfusion response during cyclic loading displayed the greatest combination of reproducibility and differentiation between subject groups of varying levels of vascular impairment. The preliminary results of this pilot study were also used to estimate sample sizes necessary to detect possible significant (

ein Ergebnisbericht

Im Rahmen des vom Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung (BMVBS) initiierten Forschungsprogrammes „Experimenteller Wohnungs- und Städtebau“ (ExWoSt) mit dem Schwerpunkt „Kommunale Strategien und Potenziale zum Klimawandel“ führte der Deutsche Wetterdienst (DWD) umfangreiche stadtklimatologische Untersuchungen für die Stadt Jena mit ihrem Modellvorhaben „Jenaer Klima-Anpassungs-Strategie“ (JenKAS) durch. Die Untersuchungen des DWD hatten die Messung und Simulation der sommerlichen Temperaturverhältnisse und nächtlichen Kaltluftverhältnisse für die städtebauliche Ist-Situation und einen Planfall zum Ziel. Aus den Simulationsresultaten geht hervor, dass vor dem Hintergrund des voranschreitenden Klimawandels in Jena bis zur Mitte des Jahrhunderts mit einer zunehmenden Wärmebelastung zu rechnen ist, die lokal dort verstärkt auftreten kann, wo das Klimaänderungssignal durch städtebauliche Verdichtungsmaßnahmen überlagert wird. Die Schaffung neuer Grünflächen kann hingegen eher eine Minderung der Wärmebelastung bewirken. Die Existenz eines vermuteten, bislang aber nicht ausreichend belegten nächtlichen Saaletalwindes konnte im Rahmen der Untersuchungen nachgewiesen werden. Trotz seiner nur moderaten Windgeschwindigkeiten trägt er durch sein häufiges Auftreten signifikant zur nächtlichen Kühlung und Durchlüftung der Stadt Jena bei. Die Ergebnisse der DWD-Untersuchungen flossen in die Erstellung einer Klimafunktionskarte der Firma Thüringer Institut für Nachhaltigkeit und Klimaschutz (ThINK) ein, die für die Stadt Jena die Basis zur Erarbeitung einer klimaangepassten Stadtentwicklung darstellt

Ehepaare, Eheverläufe und Lebenslauf in Leipzig 1580-1730: KLEIO-Anwendung in einem historischen Forschungsprojekt

Der Beitrag gehört in den größeren Forschungszusammenhang der Historisierung der Geschlechterbeziehungen. Im vorliegenden Projektbericht wird die Ehe als dominante Form institutionalisierter Geschlechterbeziehungen in der Frühen Neuzeit untersucht. Am Beispiel Leipziger Ehepaare werden die Veränderungen 'bürgerlicher' Eheverläufe und Ehevorstellungen verfolgt, um so einen Einblick in den Vorgang zu gewinnen, der in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts zu den allgemeinen Vorstellungen von 'bürgerlicher Ehe', der 'bürgerlichen Familie' und der 'bürgerlichen Frau' als 'Hausfrau und Mutter' führte. (pmb

Climate change and respiratory disease: clinical guidance for healthcare professionals.

UNLABELLED Climate change is one of the major public health emergencies with already unprecedented impacts on our planet, environment and health. Climate change has already resulted in substantial increases in temperatures globally and more frequent and extreme weather in terms of heatwaves, droughts, dust storms, wildfires, rainstorms and flooding, with prolonged and altered allergen and microbial exposure as well as the introduction of new allergens to certain areas. All these exposures may have a major burden on patients with respiratory conditions, which will pose increasing challenges for respiratory clinicians and other healthcare providers. In addition, complex interactions between these different factors, along with other major environmental risk factors (e.g. air pollution), will exacerbate adverse health effects on the lung. For example, an increase in heat and sunlight in urban areas will lead to increases in ozone exposure among urban populations; effects of very high exposure to smoke and pollution from wildfires will be exacerbated by the accompanying heat and drought; and extreme precipitation events and flooding will increase exposure to humidity and mould indoors. This review aims to bring respiratory healthcare providers up to date with the newest research on the impacts of climate change on respiratory health. Respiratory clinicians and other healthcare providers need to be continually educated about the challenges of this emerging and growing public health problem and be equipped to be the key players in solutions to mitigate the impacts of climate change on patients with respiratory conditions. EDUCATIONAL AIMS To define climate change and describe major related environmental factors that pose a threat to patients with respiratory conditions.To provide an overview of the epidemiological evidence on climate change and respiratory diseases.To explain how climate change interacts with air pollution and other related environmental hazards to pose additional challenges for patients.To outline recommendations to protect the health of patients with respiratory conditions from climate-related environmental hazards in clinical practice.To outline recommendations to clinicians and patients with respiratory conditions on how to contribute to mitigating climate change