Effect of Changing Operating Policies on Energy Use Consumption

AbstractEnergy efficiency continues to be an important focus in manufacturing in light of energy cost, environmental concerns and legislations. Reducing energy use is essential for maintaining manufacturing sustainability and competitiveness. This paper proposes a methodology for energy use analysis that employs analytical, simulation and statistical tools for the purpose of investigating the effect of changing operating strategies such as production scheduling and batch sizes on manufacturing line total energy use. The proposed methodology identifies potential energy savings and guides improvement efforts. A real case study of an automotive OEM supplier, which experiences system changes as new products are introduced is presented. The main pieces of equipment consuming energy in the entire production line were identified and the total energy consumption per product was estimated. The manufacturing line was modelled using discrete event simulation, and the effect on the line total energy consumption of different operating strategies including different batch sizes and production schedules were determined. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to analyze the effects of each operating strategy on the energy usage. The results reveal a relationship between changes in the operating strategies and energy use. This study demonstrated that optimizing the production line operating strategies can potentially lead to significant energy savings without the need for major modifications of equipment or machine setups. Practical examples which can guide industrial energy management practitioners in planning, assessing and improving manufacturing systems efficiently are provided. This study emphasizes the importance of including energy use data in manufacturing systems operating policy decisions

Chromatographic estimation of a novel triple-therapy combination targeting <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> eradication in different matrices

Aim: Helicobacter pylori infection is a prevalent global bacterial infection that can potentially exaggerate symptoms of other serious infections like SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Methodology: Herein, an efficient, accurate and cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector method was developed and validated for determination of the novel triple therapy combination of tinidazole (TD), clarithromycin (CLR) and lansoprazole (LAN) in different analytical matrices (pharmaceutical formulation, dissolution media and spiked human plasma). Results: Successful chromatographic separation was achieved using Agilent Microsorb-MV 100–5 CN column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 10.0 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.5 ± 0.1 at flow rate of 1 ml/min via gradient elution. UV-detection was accomplished at 210.0 nm for CLR and 290.0 nm for TD and LAN. Conclusion: The developed method clearly provides a reliable, beneficial and cost-effective tool for quality control, dissolution testing and biological applications of the mentioned drugs. </jats:p

Ultrasensitive turn-off fluorescent sensor for estimation of the new influenza antiviral prodrug baloxavir marboxil in its pharmaceutical formulation

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are a recently developed class of fluorescent nanoparticles made from carbon. Co-doping with heteroatoms such as nitrogen and sulfur improved the properties and generated a high quantum yield. In the proposed study, we utilized a simple, cost-effective, single-stage hydrothermal approach to produce extreme photoluminescence co-doped, nitrogen and sulfur, CQDs (N,S-CODs). Thiosemicarbazide was used as a nitrogen and sulfur source, while citric acid was used as a carbon source to produce fluorescent probes. The prepared N,S-CQDs were subjected to extensive characterization. The generated N,S-CQDs yielded strong fluorescence emission at λ em 430.0 nm after excitation at λ ex 360.0 nm, with a relatively high quantum yield of 41.3% utilizing quinine sulfate as a reference fluorescent compound. These N,S-CQDs were applied as fluorescent nanosensors for the ultrasensitive spectrofluorimetric determination of baloxavir marboxil (BXM) directly without pre-derivatization for the first time. BXM effectively quenches the native fluorescence of N,S-CQDs. Considering the optimal conditions, the fluorescence intensity reduction of N,S-CQDs exhibited a ‘turn-off’ response to BXM at concentrations of 10.0–100.0 ng ml−1, with detection limits of 1.88 ng ml−1 and quantitation limits of 5.69 ng ml−1, respectively. The proposed method determined BXM successfully in its tablet dosage form and further expanded to confirm the content uniformity of the tablet units in agreement with USP guidelines

Chromatographic Determination of Cyclopentolate Hydrochloride and Phenylephrine Hydrochloride in the Presence of Their Potential Degradation Products

Abstract Two sensitive, selective, and precise stability-indicating methods have been developed for the simultaneousdetermination of the active pharmaceutical ingredients cyclopentolate hydrochloride (CLO) and phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHE) in their pure forms and in the presence of their degradation products. The methods were applied for the determination of CLO and PHE in a pharmaceutical formulation. Method A was based on isocratic elution HPLC determination. Separation was achieved using a Waters Spherisorb ODS2 C18 analytical column (5 μm particle size) and a mobile phase of 0.1% heptane-1-sulphonic acid sodium salt in methanol–water (80 + 20, v/v). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and detection was performed at 210 nm. Method B was an HPTLC- densitometric method using HPTLC silica gel 60 F254 plates and an optimized mobile phase of ethyl acetate–methanol–ammonia (8 + 2 + 0.1, v/v/v). The separated spots were densitometrically scanned at 210 nm. Polynomial equations were used for regression. The developed methods are suitable for the determination of CLO and PHE in their binary mixture and in the presence of their corresponding degradation products. The two methods were validated in compliance with International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and successfully applied for the determination of CLO and PHE as synthetically prepared in laboratory mixtures and in the presence of their possible degradation products. CLO alkaline degradation products were stated as potential impurities in BritishPharmacopoeia. The degradation products were separated and identified by mass spectra. Postulation of a PHE oxidative degradation pathway was suggested. The obtained resultswere statistically analyzed and compared with those obtained by applying the official methods for both drugs.</jats:p