The histochemical study of the catecholamine Part I. Glyoxylic acid-formaldehyde methods with chloral-hydrate

The formaldehyde-induced fluorescence technique (Falck et al'62) allows for the microscopic visualization of intraneural monoamines. The recently introduced glyoxylic acid techique (Lindvall and Bjorklund'74) appears to offer a most advantageous approach to monoamine tract tracing. The technique allows the important finding that a marked degree of mixing of the various adrenergic components occurs in the central tract in the rat brain. However, the technique in its present form is difficult to apply to large mammals. Because, the catecholamine diffuse in the neural tissue during perfusion. In this report, the author shows that it is able to prevent this defect by adding chloralhydrate to the glyoxylic acid-formaldehyde solution. In this modified method, the fluorescence of catecholamine is enhanced and is easily classified in its color. For this reason, chloralhydrate-glyoxylic acid-formaldehyde method can apply to large mammals

The histochemical study of the catecholamine Part Ⅱ. The distribution of catecholamine containing neurons and fiber pathway in the rabbit's medulla-pontine-tegmentum by the chloralhydrate-glyoxylic acid-formaldehyde method

The distribution of catecholamine containing neurons and fibers was studied in the rabbit medulla-pontine-tegmentum by the chloralhydrate-glyoxylic acid-formaldehyde method. There are fundamental similarities between the rabbit and the other mammals on the catecholamine distribution. Most of the catecholamine fluorescent cell bodies in the rabbit are located within the nucleus locus coeruleus, subcoeruleus and substantia nigra in the pontine tegmentum. They are more extensive than those of the rat, monkey and more connective than those of the dog and cat. There are two main catecholamine fiber systems at the medulla level. One is ventrolateral catecholamine pathway originating from the area corresponding to Al in the rat and the other is the dorsomedial catecholamine pathway originating from the area corresponding to A2 in the rat. These two pathways associate with the upper medulla oblongatae level. One catecholamine containing cell group extends toward dorsolateral in the nucleus reticularis lateralis of the rabbit, but it has not been found in the rat

Health control of workers using organic solvents Part Ⅳ. Relation between concentration of organic solvents in the air and urinary glycine conjugates after short time exposure

Relation between air concentration of organic solvents in the factory using thinner and urinary glycine conjugates of volunteers exposed to thinner was examined. The results were obtained as follows. Three volunteers were exposed to thinner containing major m-xylene for one hour in the room where ceiling was opened. One volunteer out of three ones used the gas mask, but the others did not use it. The urinary glycine conjugates at time lapsis measured of the volunteers urine. Air density which averaged hourly air solvents concentration in the shop was mainly coinceid with air density which calculated from urine that excreated from two volunteers without gas mask, using the chart deveiced by Ogata et al.(1)) The urinary glycine conjugates of volunteer with gas mask was not so exchange after exposure. From these results, Ogata's report made by steady account of m-xylene applied to the shop where air density change and gas mask was high efficiency of trapping to work in the high concentration of organic solvents, in this instance

Health control of workers using organic solvents Part I. A screening test (porcelain dish method) of urinary hippuric acid which was devised and applied to the urine of painting workers who were exposed to toluene as ingradient of thinner at their working shop

Analytical sensitivity of urinary HA screening method by porcelain dish is similar to that of direct colorimetric method and good agreement with both methods was obtained. Namely, eighteen samples out of twenty measured by screening method coincide with that of direct colorimetric method. Data indicate that this method is very useful for screening method having an advantage in which rapid determination at on the urinary HA as an index of toluene exposure

Health control of workers using organic solvents Part Ⅲ. Diurnal and weekly variation of the glycine conjugates in the urine of the workers using organic solvents in the shipyard

It has been well known that glycine conjugates metabolites of toluene or xylenes are excreted in the urine of workers using thinner. Glycine conjugates were measured in the urine of three painting workers who were working in the same shop. The urine was taken three workers working in the same shop at morning (Am. 8:00), at noon (Pm. 0:00), at afternoon (Pm. 5:00) three times in the day during two weeks. Concentration of urinary metabolites taken was higher at noon or in the afternoon than those taken at morning. Data indicated that the painting workers were exposed to organic solvents at noon or at afternoon. This phenomenon was recognized in all week days. From these results, the author's suggested that alkyl benzene was excreted relatively fast

Health control of workers using organic solvents Part Ⅱ. Change in the levels of toluene and xylene density in air at the paint shop in the shipbuilding company using thinner

Toluene and xylene are widely used as industrial solvents. Concentrations of toluene and xylene in the air were measured as time lapsis at the paint shop in the shipbuilding company using thinner. Air density of toluene and xylene were relative low in the place where the room has extremely high ceiling or opened. In contrast to this, the density were high in the room in which the ceiling was low. In the room where ceiling is opened, concentration of toluene and xylene markedly decreased after painting work, but in the case that the room is closed in which concentration is very slow

Breakfast habits among adolescents and their association with daily energy and fish, vegetable, and fruit intake : A community-based cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES: To investigate breakfast eating habits on daily energy and fish, vegetable, and fruit intake in Japanese adolescents. METHODS: This study was completed as part of the Shunan Child Health Cohort Study. Two types of questionnaires, one on lifestyle habits and the other a brief-type, self-administered questionnaire on diet history, were administered to second-year junior high school students (1,876 boys and 1,759 girls) in Shunan City, Yamaguchi, Japan. The different breakfast habits were compared using the general linear model and the estimated means and P value for trend were calculated, with energy-adjusted food intake as the dependent variable and body mass index, gender, age, residential areas, and living status as covariates. RESULTS: In both males and females, the proportion of those who ate breakfast irregularly was about 10%. The daily intake of fish, vegetables, and fruit was significantly higher in those who ate breakfast with their guardians than in those who ate breakfast alone (P for trend <0.01). The daily intake of fish, seafood, and vegetables was significantly higher in those who less frequently ate cooked foods for breakfast (P for trend <0.01). Those who ate rice more frequently than bread at breakfast had a higher daily intake of fish, seafood, and vegetables (P for trend <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Eating breakfast with the family, reducing the intake of cooked foods at breakfast, and eating breakfast with rice as a main staple food are suggested to contribute to an improved quality of diet in adolescents