Temporal expressions of c-Fos and c-Jun immunoreactivity after middle cerebral artery occlusion in no treatment and the 3 pre-treatment groups.

<p>When compared with sham-operation group, c-Fos is significantly expressed at 2 d in striatum of no treatment and E₂ groups and in cortex of no treatment group. However, when compared with no treatment group, c-Fos is less expressed at 2 d in striatum of CD34⁺ and E₂+CD34⁺ groups and in cortex of the 3 pre-treatment groups. When compared with sham-operation group, c-Jun is significantly expressed from 2 h in both striatum and cortex of no treatment and E₂ groups to 2 d in both striatum and cortex of no treatment group. However, when compared with no treatment group, c-Jun is less expressed from 2 h in striatum of CD34⁺ and E₂+CD34⁺ groups to 2 d in striatum of the 3 pre-treatment groups and from 2 h in cortex of the 3 pre-treatment groups to 2 d in cortex of E₂+CD 34⁺ group. Among the three pre-treatment groups, pre-treatment with E₂+CD34⁺ has the least expression of c-Fos and c-Jun and shows significant reduction of c-Jun when compared with CD34⁺ and/or E₂ pre-treatment groups at 2 h.</p

Temporal expression of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity after middle cerebral artery occlusion in no treatment and the 3 pre-treatment groups.

<p>When compared with sham-operation group, GFAP is significantly expressed at 2 d in striatum of no treatment and E₂ groups and in cortex of no treatment and CD34⁺ groups. When compared with no treatment group, GFAP is less expressed at 2 h in striatum of E₂ group and less expressed at 2 d in striatum of CD34⁺ and E₂+CD34⁺ groups and in cortex of the 3 pre-treatment groups. Among the three pre-treatment groups, pre-treatment with E₂+CD34⁺ has the least expression of GFAP and shows significant reduction when compared with E₂ in striatum and CD34⁺ in cortex at 2 d.</p

Representative T2-weighted images obtained 2 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion in no treatment and the 3 pre-treatment groups.

<p>Infarction volume is significantly reduced in the 3 pre-treatment groups when compared with no treatment group. Arrows indicate the margin of infarction area. Among the three pre-treatment groups, pre-treatment with E₂+CD34⁺ has the least infarction volume and shows significant difference when compared with E₂ pre-treatment groups.</p

Representative T2-weighted images obtained 2 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the 3 groups of rat treated with CD34⁺.

<p>Infarction volume is significantly smaller in pre-treatment groups than no treatment group, and no significant difference of infarction volume between pre-treatment and post-treatment groups and between post-treatment and no treatment groups. Arrows indicate the margin of infarction area.</p

Temporal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunoreactivity after middle cerebral artery occlusion in no treatment and the 3 pre-treatment groups.

<p>When compared with sham-operation group, BDNF immunoreactivity is significantly reduced at 2 h in striatum of no treatment group but is significantly increased at 2 h in striatum of E₂ and E₂+CD34⁺ groups. There is also significant increase at 2 d in striatum of CD34⁺ and E₂+CD34⁺ groups and from 2 h to 2 d in cortex of the 3 pre-treatment groups. When compared with no treatment group, BDNF immunoreactivity shows significant recovery from 2 h to 2 d in both striatum and cortex of the 3 pre-treatment groups. Among the three pre-treatment groups, pre-treatment with E₂+CD34⁺ has the highest expression of BDNF and shows significant increase when compared with CD34⁺ in striatum at 2 h and E₂ in striatum and cortex at 2 d.</p

The time curves from two patients with right ICA stenosis.

<p>The BOLD responses between different ROIs, from the same breath holding task, were consistent in patient A (A), but with large varieties in patient B (B).</p

The scatter plot of CBF index of lesion side versus correlation (r²) of the ipsilateral and contralateral MCA time courses from the 17 patients.

<p>Red dots represent patients with r²<0.18 (t-value<2.1, p>0.05). Four of these five patients have greater CBF index than the patients with r²>0.18 (t-value≥2.1, p<0.05) by one standard deviation (CBF index>1.17).</p

Colored map of the region-of-interest template (selected sections from basal ganglia to centrum semiovale, left to right, in transverse view).

<p>Blue and red represent the ACA and MCA territories, respectively. Occipital white matter, which is shown in green, is used as a reference region.</p

The mean lesion volumes of ADC, ASL CBF, DSC T_max(>4–6 s), and final infarct in 31 patients with follow-up image.

<p>Bars indicate as mean±standard error. *: Statistically significant, p<0.05, by repeated measures ANOVA & LSD post hoc test.</p

ASL and DSC lesion volumes with correlation to the final infarct volumes.

<p>Compared to DSC, ASL usually overestimated the perfusion deficits, especially in patients with small final infarcts.</p