Twisted atrioventricular connections in double inlet right ventricle: evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging

Twisted atrioventricular connections occur almost exclusively in the hearts with biventricular atrioventricular connections. Only one example of double inlet left ventricle has been illustrated in which the axes of the two atrioventricular valves crossed each other. We describe herein three patients, and one autopsied specimen, with double inlet right ventricle in which magnetic resonance imaging clearly demonstrated twisted atrioventricular connections

Changes in individual weight status based on body mass index and waist circumference in Hong Kong Chinese

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A case-control study on environmental and familial risk factors for colorectal cancer in Hong Kong: dietary determinants of colorectal cancer risk

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A case-control study on environmental and familial risk factors for colorectal cancer in Hong Kong: physical activity reduces colorectal cancer risk

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A case-control study on environmental and familial risk factors for colorectal cancer in Hong Kong: chronic illnesses, medication and family history

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Genetically modified foods and allergy

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Regional cerebral blood flow study in postictal psychosis complication complex partial seizure

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Piping classification to metamorphic testing: an empirical study towards better effectiveness for the identification of failures in mesh simplification programs

Mesh simplification is a mainstream technique to render graphics responsively in modern graphical software. However, the graphical nature of the output poses a test oracle problem in testing. Previous work uses pattern classification to identify failures. Although such an approach may be promising, it may conservatively mark the test result of a failure-causing test case as passed. This paper proposes a methodology that pipes the test cases marked as passed by the pattern classification component to a metamorphic testing component to look for missed failures. The empirical study uses three simple and general metamorphic relations as subjects, and the experimental results show a 10 percent improvement of effectiveness in the identification of failures. © 2007 IEEE.Link_to_subscribed_fulltextThis research is supported in part by a grant of the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (project no. 714504), a grant of City University of Hong Kong (project no. 200079), and a grant of The University of Hong Kong

Finding failures from passed test cases: Improving the pattern classification approach to the testing of mesh simplification programs

Mesh simplification programs create three-dimensional polygonal models similar to an original polygonal model, and yet use fewer polygons. They produce different graphics even though they are based on the same original polygonal model. This results in a test oracle problem. To address the problem, our previous work has developed a technique that uses a reference model of the program under test to train a classifier. Using such an approach may mistakenly mark a failure-causing test case as passed. It lowers the testing effectiveness of revealing failures. This paper suggests piping the test cases marked as passed by a statistical pattern classification module to an analytical metamorphic testing (MT) module. We evaluate our approach empirically using three subject programs with over 2700 program mutants. The result shows that, using a resembling reference model to train a classifier, the integrated approach can significantly improve the failure detection effectiveness of the pattern classification approach. We also explain how MT in our design trades specificity for sensitivity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Reactions to Thirdhand Smoke are Associated with Openness to Smoking in Young Never Smoking Children

To investigate the associations between reactions to thirdhand smoke (THS) and openness to smoking in young children. In a school-based survey in Hong Kong, 4762 Chinese primary school students reported their reactions to THS (one or more of ‘pleasant/happy’, ‘nausea’, ‘excited’, ‘heart beat faster’, ‘relaxed’, ‘dislike the smell’, ‘like the smell’, ‘dizzy’, ‘coughing/choking’, ‘eye uncomfortable’ and ‘none of the above’), smoking status and openness to smoking (lack of a firm intention not to smoke). Factor structure of reactions to THS was investigated with factor scores calculated and categorised. Logistic regression yielded adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of openness to smoking for reactions to THS. Factor analysis yielded two factors including 5 and 4 reactions, which were generally deemed negative and positive, respectively. The proportions of students with factor scores ≥1 for negative and positive reactions were 51.3 and 6.3 %, respectively. In never smokers, openness to smoking was negatively associated with ‘dislike the smell’ (AOR 0.52, 95 % CI 0.39–0.68), ‘coughing/choking’ (0.53, 0.38–0.75), ‘eye uncomfortable’ (0.62, 0.40–0.95) and negative reaction factor score of 2–5 (vs. 0) (0.59, 0.40–0.88), and was positively associated with ‘pleasant/happy’ (2.80, 1.54–5.09), ‘excited’ (2.83, 1.17–6.87), ‘like the smell’ (3.06, 1.49–6.26) and positive reaction factor score of 1–4 (vs. 0) (2.86, 1.83–4.48). In experimental or former smokers, fewer associations reached statistical significance. Negative and positive reactions to THS were negatively and positively associated with openness to smoking, respectively, in young never smoking children.postprin