Neuroimaging techniques in epilepsy

Objective: To review state-of-the-art neuroimaging modalities in epilepsy and their clinical applications. Data sources and study selection: PubMed literature searches to March 2010, using the following key words: 'epilepsy', 'positron emission tomography (PET)', 'single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)', 'MR volumetry', 'diffusion tensor imaging', and 'functional MR imaging'. Data extraction All articles including neuroimaging techniques in epilepsy were included in the review. Data synthesis High-field magnetic resonance imaging is fundamental for high-resolution structural imaging. Functional radionuclide imaging (positron emission tomography/single-photon emission computed tomography) can provide additional information to improve overall accuracy, and show good results with high concordance rates in temporal lobe epilepsy. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a useful adjunct consistently demonstrating changing metabolites in the epileptogenic region. Magnetic resonance volumetric imaging shows excellent sensitivity and specificity for temporal lobe epilepsy but thus far it has been inconsistent for extratemporal epilepsy. Diffusion tensor imaging with tractography allows visualisation of specific tracts such as connections with the language and visual cortex to enhance preoperative evaluation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging using blood oxygen level-dependent activation techniques is mainly used in presurgical planning for the high-sensitivity mapping of the eloquent cortex. Both contrast-bolus and arterial spin labelling magnetic resonance perfusion imaging show good correlation with clinical lateralisation of seizure disorder. Conclusion Structural imaging is essential in localisation and lateralization of the seizure focus. Functional radionuclide imaging or advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques can provide complementary information when an epileptogenic substrate is not identified or in the presence of non-concordant clinical and structural findings.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Up-regulation of endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor but not vascular endothelial growth factor in human ectopic endometriotic tissue

Objective: To study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endocrine gland-derived VEGF (EG-VEGF/PK1), and its receptors (PKR1 and PKR2) in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues. Design: A case-control study. Setting: University reproduction unit. Patient(s): Infertile women undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy for tubal patency. Intervention(s): Endometrial and endometriotic tissue sampling from women with and without endometriosis. Main Outcome Measure(s): Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of genes in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues. The EG-VEGF protein was studied by immunohistochemistry. Result(s): In normal endometrium, EG-VEGF messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was 50-fold higher in the secretory than in the proliferative phase, but that of PKR1 was 6-fold higher in the latter than in the former. The PKR2 transcript was detected in the proliferative but not the secretory endometrium. In patients with endometriosis, eutopic endometrial PKR2 transcript level was 4-fold higher in the proliferative than in the secretory phase. No differences in EG-VEGF or PKR1 were found in proliferative versus secretory endometrium in these patients. There were no significant differences in the expression of EG-VEGF in eutopic endometrium of normal women and in those with endometriosis. In the paired laser-captured microdissected eutopic endometrial and ectopic endometriotic samples, a significantly higher EG-VEGF, but not VEGF, transcript level was detected in the ectopic when compared with eutopic samples; whereas the expressions of PKR1 and PKR2 were barely detectable. The H-scoring confirmed that the stroma of endometriotic samples had a significantly higher EG-VEGF protein expression than that in the paired eutopic endometrium. Conclusion(s): High levels of EG-VEGF expression may play an important role in angiogenesis in endometriotic tissues. © 2010 American Society for Reproductive Medicine.postprin

Paediatric Epilepsy Surgery Programme in Hong Kong: experience in Queen Mary Hospital/Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital

Poster: no. P6BACKGROUND: Surgery is a well-established treatment for adults with intractable seizures. Increasingly, infants and children are being considered for epilepsy surgery. In a growing child, epilepsy surgery has the additional benefit of aborting cognitive decline and improving development and behaviour. METHODS: The paediatric epilepsy surgery programme ...published_or_final_versio

Paediatric Epilepsy Surgery Programme in Hong Kong: experience in Queen Mary Hospital / Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital

Poster: no. P6BACKGROUND: Surgery is a well-established treatment for adults with intractable seizures. Increasingly, infants and children are being considered for epilepsy surgery. In a growing child, epilepsy surgery has the additional benefit of aborting cognitive decline and improving development and behaviour ...published_or_final_versio

Parental restriction reduces the harmful effects of in-bedroom electronic devices

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Factors predicting patient satisfaction in women with advanced breast cancer: a prospective study

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Test-retest reliability of a computer-assisted self-administered questionnaire on early life exposure in a nasopharyngeal carcinoma case-control study

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Factors affecting the success of artificial insemination by frozen donor semen

The records of 227 couples who received artificial insemination by frozen donor semen in 984 treatment cycles were analysed to find out the factors affecting the pregnancy rates. The cumulative pregnancy rate at 6 months was 46.8% and the pregnancy rate per cycle was 10%. The pregnancy rates were adversely affected by (1) increase in the recipient age above 30 years, (2) irregularity of menstrual cycles, (3) the use of clomiphene citrate for induction of ovulation, and (4) low cervical mucus scores. Among our donor semen samples selected with a set of criteria, the sperm counts and initial and post-thaw motility did not affect the pregnancy rates.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Information seeking behaviour and purchasing decision: case study in digital cameras

This case study explores the information seeking behaviour of digital camera consumers based on Assael’s consumer information acquisition and processing model. 135 responses were received from potential target group who had purchased or was planning to purchase digital cameras. Findings show that respondents who had not purchased digital camera before tended to seek for related information and generally spent more time on the search. Motivation of information seeking triggered by risk and uncertainty is also supported by resulting data .Significant difference was found in information seeking and time spent on the search based on different education attainment and income level of consumers. These results give hints to promoters to outline strategies for capturing potential customers based on their information seeking behaviour, as well as highlight informational supports that could be provided by relevant information agencies such as consumer councils and public libraries

Collaborative writing with a wiki in a primary five English classroom

Paper selected from the 6th International Conference on Knowledge Management (ICKM 2009) jointly held with the 10th International Symposium on Knowledge Systems Sciences (KSS 2009), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 3-4 December 2009Many studies have been conducted on the application of Web 2.0 technologies (e.g., wikis) in an educational environment including: exploring the potential of their use, the effects they have on student learning and their effectiveness when combined with appropriate instructional practices. However, whether or not these findings at the tertiary and high school levels are applicable to young learners at the primary level, have yet to be determined. Through case study design, this small-scale study explored the challenges and potential benefits that a wiki may bring to students and teachers in a Primary five English class. The study examined the wiki's key affordances for collaboration that may have an impact on students' writing abilities, through the analysis of collaborative writing projects. To understand human activity in a complex classroom environment. Activity Theory was used as an analytical lens to help examine students’ learning processes and outcomes. The study found that the use of a wiki in a class of primary five students in a Hong Kong Chinese primary school was perceived positively. Students enjoyed using the wiki, and the overall perception was that it helped fostered teamwork and improved writing. The tracking functionality of the wiki gave in-depth information about the types of edits the students were making and helped the teachers to access students’ collaboration and development. Findings from this study may help provide practical recommendations for primary school English language teachers and help illustrate the potential that Web 2.0, specifically wikis, can bring to influence young language learners