АДМИНИСТРАТИВНАЯ ПРЕЮДИЦИЯ КАК УСЛОВИЕ УГОЛОВНОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ В НЕКОТОРЫХ СЛУЧАЯХ ПРИНУЖДЕНИЯ К ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬСТВ

Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a class ofheuristic search algorithms that have beensuccessfully applied to solving combinationaloptimization (CO) problems. The traveling salesmanproblem (TSP) is among the most importantcombinatorial problems. ACO has very good searchcapability for optimization problems. But it still hassome drawbacks such as stagnation behavior, longcomputational time, and premature convergenceproblem of the basic ACO algorithm on TSP. Thoseproblems will be more obvious when the complexitiesof the considered problems increase. The proposedsystem based on basic ACO algorithm based on wellpositionedthe ants on the initiation and informationentropy which is applied to tuning of the algorithm’sparameters. Then, ACO for TSP has been improvedby incorporating local optimization heuristic.Therefore, the proposed system intends to reachsuperior search performance over traditional ACOalgorithms do

Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genomic comparison of non-typhoidal salmonella isolated from pig farms with different levels of intensification in Yangon Region, Myanmar

In Myanmar, where backyard, semi-intensive, and intensive pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) farming coexist, there is limited understanding of the zoonotic risks and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with these farming practices. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, AMR and genomic features of Salmonella in pig farms in the Yangon region and the impact of farm intensification to provide evidence to support risk-based future management approaches. Twenty-three farms with different production scales were sampled for two periods with three sampling-visit each. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests and whole-genome sequencing were performed on the isolates. The prevalence of Salmonella was 44.5% in samples collected from backyard farms, followed by intensive (39.5%) and semi-intensive farms (19.5%). The prevalence of multi-drug resistant isolates from intensive farms (45/84, 53.6%) was higher than those from backyard (32/171, 18.7%) and semi-intensive farms (25/161, 15.5%). Among 28 different serovars identified, S. Weltevreden (40; 14.5%), S. Kentucky (38; 13.8%), S. Stanley (35, 12.7%), S. Typhimurium (22; 8.0%) and S. Brancaster (20; 7.3%) were the most prevalent serovars and accounted for 56.3% of the genome sequenced strains. The diversity of Salmonella serovars was highest in semi-intensive and backyard farms (21 and 19 different serovars, respectively). The high prevalence of globally emerging S. Kentucky ST198 was detected on backyard farms. The invasive-infection linked typhoid-toxin gene (cdtB) was found in the backyard farm isolated S. Typhimurium, relatively enriched in virulence and AMR genes, presented an important target for future surveillance. While intensification, in terms of semi-intensive versus backyard production, maybe a mitigator for zoonotic risk through a lower prevalence of Salmonella, intensive production appears to enhance AMR-associated risks. Therefore, it remains crucial to closely monitor the AMR and virulence potential of this pathogen at all scales of production. The results underscored the complex relationship between intensification of animal production and the prevalence, diversity and AMR of Salmonella from pig farms in Myanmar

Groundwater exploration Using GIS approach (Monywa District)

In today's system, Geographic Information System is a very effective tool in completing many types of analysis and manipulation of data. The use of GIS has grown quickly in groundwater management and research. GIS is now widely used to create digital geographic databases, to manipulate and prepare data as input for various model parameters and to display model output. This hydrogeological mapping program will allow in the near future to meet efficiently the needs for a more considered and effective management of groundwater in GIS with a hydrogeological database. For this reason, it seems very effective to use GIS in hydrogeological database and groundwater exploration of Monywa district. The main'purpose of this paper is to investigate the depth of well to map hydrogeology of the Monywa district

Isolation and Characterization of Endophytic Bacteria from the Leaves of Carica papaya L.

Endophytic bacteria were isolated from the leaves of Carica papaya L. (papaya). The leaf samples were collected from the Campus of University of Mandalay. This experiment was carried out at the Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Mandalay from December 2017 to August 2018. The six bacterial strains, TS 1 - TS 6 were isolated and characterized based on their colony morphology and biochemical tests. Each of isolates was characterized by the morphological characters (shape, colony, colour, cell size, gram staining, aerobic growth and motility) and biochemical tests (catalase, oxidase, starch hydrolysis, lysine decarboxylase, urea hydrolysis, sugar fermentation such as dextrose, glucose, manitol and sucrose, citrate utilization, methyl red, triple sugar iron (TSI) and nitrate reduction) were carried out. The isolated bacteria were confirmed TS 1 as Mycobacterium sp., TS 2 as Bacillus sp., TS 3 as Staphylococcus sp., TS 4 as Micrococcus sp. TS 5 as Streptococcus sp. and TS 6 as Enterobacter sp.

Implementing of Road Map by using A* Searching Algorithm

Artificial Intelligence is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence, but AI does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable. Shortest path problem is a classical AI topic and is based on search method. Each search method has a different approach to solve the problem. In this paper we intended to present Optimal Route finding system for Eastern Shan State by using A* search algorithm . A* search is one kind of heuristically informed search strategy and is very suitable for finding shortest path. The experimental result of this system is also discussed in this paper

An Improved Ant Colony System Based on Dynamic Candidate Set and Entropy for Traveling Salesman Problem

The Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is ametaheuristic algorithm used for combinatorialoptimization problems. It is a good choice formany hard combinatorial problems because it ismore efficient and produces better solutions thangreedy algorithms. However, ACO iscomputationally expensive and it can still trap inlocal optima, take a long time to compute asolution on large problem sets and prematureconvergence problem. The main idea of themodification is to limit the number of elementschoices to a sensible subset, or candidate list,which can limit the selection scope of ants ateach step and thus substantially reduce the sizeof search space and to measure the uncertaintyof the path selection and evolution by using theinformation entropy self-adaptively. Simulationstudy and performance comparison on TravelingSalesman Problem show that the improvedalgorithm can converge at global optimum witha high probability. It also shows a fasterconvergence to the solutions than the standardalgorithm

An Approach for Solving Traveling Salesman Problem using Hybrid Ant Colony Optimization

Traveling salesman problem (TSP) is one ofthe most famous combinatorial optimization(CO) problems, which has wide applicationbackground. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) isa heuristic algorithm which has been proven asuccessful technique and applied to a number ofcombinatorial optimization problems and takenas one of the high performance computingmethods for TSP. ACO has very good searchcapability for optimization problems, but it stillhas some drawbacks for solving TSP. Thesedrawbacks will be more obvious when theproblem size increases. The present paperproposes an ACO algorithm with nearestneighbor (NN) heuristic approach andinformation entropy which is conducted on theconfiguration strategy for the adjustableparameters to improve the efficiency of ACO insolving TSP. The performance of ACO alsodepends on the appropriate setting ofparameters. Then, ACO for TSP has beenimproved by incorporating local optimizationheuristic. Algorithms are tested on benchmarkproblems from TSPLIB and test results arepresented. From our experiments, the proposedalgorithm has superior search performance overtraditional ACO algorithms do

Master-Slave Synchronization of Robotic Arm using PID Controller

This paper analyzes the position control of a master-slave synchronization robotic arm driven by a D.C. motor using a PID (Proportional, Integral, and Derivative) controller with software and hardware design. This controller works to achieve the exact desired position simultaneously for the master and slave robot arm with minimal defects. The transfer function of the D.C. motor for the robotic arms used in this research is calculated with black box modelling. MATLAB Simulink block is used to test the software result. The MATLAB built-in auto-tuning method obtains Kp, Ki and Kd gain. These gains are adjusted with manual tuning to get precise angular positions for two robotic arms. This research uses Arduino Uno to act as a controller in the experiment. First, the position control of one robotic arm is tested with the same PID gain in MATLAB Simulink at different input degrees. Then, the hardware experiment of position control in one robotic arm is operated with only one PID gain at various reference degrees. Finally, the I2C communication protocol connects the master and slave robot arms. The main work that the PID controller hardware experiment with controls different level angular positions of two robotic arms

Assessment of quality of life among elderly in urban and peri-urban areas, Yangon Region, Myanmar.

BackgroundIn the context of an aging population, quality of life (QOL) is an important consideration for the well-being of the elderly. However, there is limited information on the QOL of the elderly in Myanmar. This study aimed to explore the risk factors for low QOL among the elderly in urban and peri-urban areas of the Yangon Region, Myanmar.MethodsA community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among the elderly aged 60 years or older in two urban and two peri-urban townships in the Yangon Region from July to September 2019. A multi-stage sampling method was used to recruit study participants using a pre-tested questionnaire. A total of 616 (305 males and 311 females) elderly people were interviewed using a face-to-face interview technique. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed on the four domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationship, and environment) of QOL measured with the WHOQOL-BREF.ResultsIncome level and having intimate friends influenced the QOL scores of the elderly in all domains, while education level and marital status influenced psychological health, social relationship, and environment domains. Social interaction with neighbors increased the QOL scores for physical health, social relationship, and environment domains. Living in peri-urban areas was associated with lower QOL scores for physical health, psychological health, and environment, while participation in group activities increased QOL scores in these domains. Having comorbidities affected the QOL for psychological health and environment domains, while the frequency of going out affected physical health, and the frequency of religious performance affected social relationship.ConclusionResidential location, education level, marital status, income, comorbidities, social interactions with neighbors and friends, participation in group activities, and frequencies of going out and religious activities should be considered in planning and implementing programs for the elderly in Myanmar. Peri-urban development, strengthening healthcare and social security systems, and encouraging social interaction and participation in group activities play critical roles in improving the QOL for elderly residing in Myanmar

A first absolute chronology for Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age Myanmar: New AMS 14C dates from Nyaung'gan and Oakaie

Late prehistoric archaeological research in Myanmar is in a phase of rapid expansion. Recent work by the Mission Archéologique Française au Myanmar aims to establish a reliable Neolithic to Iron Age culture-historical sequence, which can then be compared to surrounding regions of Southeast Asia. Excavations at Nyaung'gan and Oakaie in central Myanmar have provided 52 new AMS dates, which allow the creation of Myanmar's first reliable prehistoric radiometric chronology. They have also identified the Neolithic to Bronze Age transition in central Myanmar, which is of critical importance in understanding long-range interactions at the national, regional and inter-regional level. This research provides the first significant step towards placing late prehistoric Myanmar in its global context