Nicorandil inhibits osteoclast differentiation in vitro

AbstractNicorandil is a hybrid angina therapeutic agent that has nitric oxide (NO) action and the ability to open ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP channels). A transient increase in NO and intracellular Ca2+ has been demonstrated to be highly involved in the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts. The objective of this study was to verify that the pharmacological effect of nicorandil suppresses the differentiation process of osteoclasts in vitro.Although little authentic NO production was detected in the culture medium in osteoclast formation assays, NO production increased only in the presence of nicorandil. The number of osteoclasts decreased markedly at late time-points after nicorandil addition compared with the number at early time-points. Both the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells and the number of cells that obtained F-actin rings decreased in the presence of nicorandil in a concentration-dependent manner. The osteo assay showed that the bone resorption area was also reduced with nicorandil in a concentration-dependent manner. An inhibition recovery experiment was conducted by adding a soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor (ODQ) and a KATP channel-opening inhibitor (glibenclamide) during the osteoclast formation process. In the inhibition recovery experiment, the inhibitory effect of nicorandil on osteoclastogenesis was blocked by the addition of ODQ and glibenclamide. These results suggest that both the NO and KATP channel-opening activity of nicorandil inhibit osteoclast differentiation. Further study of nicorandil may lead to the development of drugs for osteoporosis treatment

Survey and Analysis of College Students’ Copyright Awareness

大学の学部生を対象に著作権の意識調査をおこなった．著作物を扱う際に身近に起こりうる質問を設定し，全国400人の学生にWeb形式でアンケート調査を実施した．結果，学校や大学の授業でおこなう著作権教育には，知識習得に一定の効果が見られる一方，SNSなどでは著作権侵害行為をおこなってしまう傾向も見られた．また，著作権の知識にも勘違いが多い場合があることもわかった．大学ICT推進協議会 2022年度 年次大会 発表番号 : 13PM1B-1本研究はJSPS 科研費JP21H00896 の助成を受けたものである

A Case of Nivolumab-Induced Severe Mononeuropathy Multiplex and Rhabdomyolysis

We report an 81-year-old man with multiple liver metastases after tumorectomy for primary mediastinal malignant melanoma, who experienced limb weakness and sensory disturbance after nivolumab monotherapy. He was diagnosed with nivolumab-induced mononeuropathy multiplex and rhabdomyolysis based on serologic examination, muscle biopsy, magnetic resonance imaging of the limbs, and a nerve conduction study. A course of intravenous methylprednisolone (mPSL) was initiated at 1 g/day for 3 days. After that, oral prednisolone (PSL) was started at 1 mg/kg/day and gradually tapered. Limb muscle strength improved, but when PSL was reduced to 0.3 mg/kg/day, the weakness recurred, and a nerve conduction study showed exacerbation of mononeuropathy multiplex. The patient was again administered intravenous mPSL (0.5 g/day for 3 days) followed by oral PSL at 0.5 mg/kg/day, and his neurological symptoms improved. Nivolumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, is used for the treatment of advanced melanoma and other cancers and causes various immune-related adverse events (irAEs). However, neurological irAEs related to nivolumab are rare. Furthermore, there are no reports of simultaneous nerve and muscle impairment. Unexpected irAEs affecting various organs should be recognized and treated appropriately

Heavy Fermion Behaviors of Amorphous Ce_9Cu_<91> Alloy in High Magnetic Fields(Transport and Fermiology)

Heavy fermion behaviors observed in the amorphous(a-) Ce_9Cu_ alloy are markedly suppressed by applying high magnetic fields, H. The electronic specific heat coefficient, which is extremely large at H=0 Oe becomes smaller for H>100 kOe. With increasing H, the magnetization curve increases nonlinearly, where the magnetic susceptibility estimated for H>100 kOe is one order smaller than that for H<10 kOe. At 4.2 K, the magnetoresistance is negative and its absolute value is very small owing to the disorder scattering. These features indicate that a dense Kondo behavior is strongly suppressed in a high magnetic field

Saliva and Plasma Reflect Metabolism Altered by Diabetes and Periodontitis

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disorder caused by disintegration of the balance between the periodontal microbiome and host response. While growing evidence suggests links between periodontitis and various metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic liver disease, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which often coexist in individuals with abdominal obesity, factors linking periodontal inflammation to common metabolic alterations remain to be fully elucidated. More detailed characterization of metabolomic profiles associated with multiple oral and cardiometabolic traits may provide better understanding of the complexity of oral-systemic crosstalk and its underlying mechanism. We performed comprehensive profiling of plasma and salivary metabolomes using untargeted gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to investigate multivariate covariation with clinical markers of oral and systemic health in 31 T2D patients with metabolic comorbidities and 30 control subjects. Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) results enabled more accurate characterization of associations among 11 oral and 25 systemic clinical outcomes, and 143 salivary and 78 plasma metabolites. In particular, metabolites that reflect cardiometabolic changes were identified in both plasma and saliva, with plasma and salivary ratios of (mannose + allose):1,5-anhydroglucitol achieving areas under the curve of 0.99 and 0.92, respectively, for T2D diagnosis. Additionally, OPLS analysis of periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) as the numerical response variable revealed shared and unique responses of metabolomic and clinical markers to PISA between healthy and T2D groups. When combined with linear regression models, we found a significant correlation between PISA and multiple metabolites in both groups, including threonate, cadaverine and hydrocinnamate in saliva, as well as lactate and pentadecanoic acid in plasma, of which plasma lactate showed a predominant trend in the healthy group. Unique metabolites associated with PISA in the T2D group included plasma phosphate and salivary malate, while those in the healthy group included plasma gluconate and salivary adenosine. Remarkably, higher PISA was correlated with altered hepatic lipid metabolism in both groups, including higher levels of triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, leading to increased risk of cardiometabolic disease based on a score summarizing levels of CVD-related biomarkers. These findings revealed the potential utility of saliva for evaluating the risk of metabolic disorders without need for a blood test, and provide evidence that disrupted liver lipid metabolism may underlie the link between periodontitis and cardiometabolic disease.Sakanaka A., Kuboniwa M., Katakami N., et al. Saliva and Plasma Reflect Metabolism Altered by Diabetes and Periodontitis. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 8, , 742002. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.742002

Salivary metabolic signatures of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized for treatment

Atherosclerosis is a life-threatening disease associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to characterize a salivary signature of atherosclerosis based on evaluation of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) to develop a non-invasive predictive tool for diagnosis and disease follow-up. Metabolites in saliva and plasma samples collected at admission and after treatment from 25 T2D patients hospitalized for 2 weeks to undergo medical treatment for diabetes were comprehensively profiled using metabolomic profiling with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Orthogonal partial least squares analysis, used to explore the relationships of IMT with clinical markers and plasma and salivary metabolites, showed that the top predictors for IMT included salivary allantoin and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) at both the baseline examination at admission and after treatment. Furthermore, though treatment induced alterations in salivary levels of allantoin and 1,5-AG, it did not modify the association between IMT and these metabolites (pinteraction > 0.05), and models with these metabolites combined yielded satisfactory diagnostic accuracy for the high IMT group even after treatment (area under curve = 0.819). Collectively, this salivary metabolite combination may be useful for non-invasive identification of T2D patients with a higher atherosclerotic burden in clinical settings.Sakanaka A, Katakami N, Furuno M, Nishizawa H, Omori K, Taya N, Ishikawa A, Mayumi S, Inoue M, Tanaka Isomura E, Amano A, Shimomura I, Fukusaki E and Kuboniwa M (2022) Salivary metabolic signatures of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized for treatment. Front. Mol. Biosci. 9:1074285. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.107428

Periodontal tissue susceptibility to glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes

Inoue M., Sakanaka A., Katakami N., et al. Periodontal tissue susceptibility to glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 26, 4684 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.15835.Aim: To assess the direct effect of intensive glycaemic control on periodontal tissues in patients with diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: Twenty-nine patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and hospitalized to receive a 2-week intensive glycaemic control regimen. We observed and analysed the systemic and oral disease indicators before and after treatment and clarified the indicators related to periodontal inflammation. Results: A significant reduction in glycaemic and periodontal parameters, including glycated albumin levels and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), was observed after treatment. The changes in PISA per tooth, indicative of periodontal healing, exhibited a bimodal distribution; the patients were divided into two groups on this basis. Correlations were observed between the changes in PISA per tooth and fasting plasma glucose, acetoacetic acid, and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels in the PISA-improved group. Significantly lower levels of C-peptide, coefficient of variation of R-R interval, and ankle-brachial pressure index were observed before treatment in the PISA non-improved group. Conclusions: Glycaemic control treatment can effectively improve periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes, even in the absence of specific periodontal treatments. However, the periodontal responsiveness to glycaemic control treatment depends on the systemic condition of the patient

Nap1 regulates proper CENP-B binding to nucleosomes

CENP-B is a widely conserved centromeric satellite DNA-binding protein, which specifically binds to a 17-bp DNA sequence known as the CENP-B box. CENP-B functions positively in the de novo assembly of centromeric nucleosomes, containing the centromere-specific histone H3 variant, CENP-A. At the same time, CENP-B also prevents undesired assembly of the CENP-A nucleosome through heterochromatin formation on satellite DNA integrated into ectopic sites. Therefore, improper CENP-B binding to chromosomes could be harmful. However, no CENP-B eviction mechanism has yet been reported. In the present study, we found that human Nap1, an acidic histone chaperone, inhibited the non-specific binding of CENP-B to nucleosomes and apparently stimulated CENP-B binding to its cognate CENP-B box DNA in nucleosomes. In human cells, the CENP-B eviction activity of Nap1 was confirmed in model experiments, in which the CENP-B binding to a human artificial chromosome or an ectopic chromosome locus bearing CENP-B boxes was significantly decreased when Nap1 was tethered near the CENP-B box sequence. In contrast, another acidic histone chaperone, sNASP, did not promote CENP-B eviction in vitro and in vivo and did not stimulate specific CENP-B binding to CENP-A nucleosomes in vitro. We therefore propose a novel mechanism of CENP-B regulation by Nap1