Charge collection properties of irradiated depleted CMOS pixel test structures

Edge-TCT and charge collection measurements with passive test structures made in LFoundry 150 nm CMOS process on p-type substrate with initial resistivity of over 3 k$\Omega$cm are presented. Measurements were made before and after irradiation with reactor neutrons up to 2$\cdot$10$^{15}$ n$_{\mathrm{eq}}$/cm$^2$. Two sets of devices were investigated: unthinned (700 $\mu$m) with substrate biased through the implant on top and thinned (200 $\mu$m) with processed and metallised back plane. Depleted depth was estimated with Edge-TCT and collected charge was measured with $^{90}$Sr source using an external amplifier with 25 ns shaping time. Depleted depth at given bias voltage decreased with increasing neutron fluence but it was still larger than 70 $\mu$m at 250 V after the highest fluence. After irradiation much higher collected charge was measured with thinned detectors with processed back plane although the same depleted depth was observed with Edge-TCT. Most probable value of collected charge of over 5000 electrons was measured also after irradiation to 2$\cdot$10$^{15}$ n$_{\mathrm{eq}}$/cm$^2$. This is sufficient to ensure successful operation of these detectors at the outer layer of the pixel detector in the ATLAS experiment at the upgraded HL-LHC

Crystal structure of 3-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-2-one, C11H14N2O2

Abstract C11H14N2O2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.5411(2) Å, b = 11.5148(2) Å, c = 12.5370(2) Å, V = 1088.64(4) Å3, Z = 4, R gt (F) = 0.0301, wR ref (F 2 ) = 0.0826, T = 296 K.</jats:p

Methyl N-(2-bromo-4-chlorophenyl)carbamate

In the title molecule, C8H7BrClNO2, the bromochlorophenyl ring is inclined to the methylcarbamate unit by 32.73 (7). In the crystal, N—HO hydrogen bonds form chains of molecules parallel to [100]

Crystal structure of 1,1-dimethyl-3-(2-phenylethyl)urea, C11H16N2O

Abstract C11H16N2O, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 10.7388(6) Å, b = 9.8449(5) Å, c = 21.1259(14) Å, V = 2233.5(2) Å3, Z = 8, R gt (F) = 0.0582, wR ref (F 2) = 0.1795, T = 293 K.</jats:p

Crystal structure of (E)-5-((4-chlorophenyl)diazenyl)-2-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-methylthiazole, C23H17ClFN5S2

Abstract C23H17ClFN5S2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 20.9691(12) Å, b = 11.5316(6) Å, c = 9.2546(4) Å, β = 95.484(4)°, V = 2227.6(2) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0468, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1126, T = 296 K.</jats:p

Crystal structure of 1-phenyl-N′-(1-phenyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonyl)-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazide, C28H20N6O2S2

C28H20N6O2S2, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 10.6738(6) Å, b = 11.7869(7) Å, c = 12.5381(7) Å, α = 112.842(6)°, β = 91.963(4)°, γ = 116.129(6)°, V = 1264.38(15) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0523, wRref(F2) = 0.1390, T = 296(2) K

Crystal structure of 2-((3-(5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione, C28H19N5O2

Abstract C28H19N5O2, monoclinic, Cc (no. 9), a = 13.9896(9) Å, b = 21.9561(14) Å, c = 7.1643(5) Å, β = 91.782(6)°, V = 2199.5(3) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0632, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1727, T = 150(2) K.</jats:p

5-Bromo-1-(4-bromophenyl)isatin

In the title compound [systematic name: 5-bromo-1-(4-bromo­phen­yl)-2,3-di­hydro-1H-indole-2,3-dione], C14H7Br2NO2, all of the atoms except the C—H groups in the bromo­benzene ring lie on a (010) crystallographic mirror plane, with the benzene ring completed by reflection. The dihedral angle between the ring systems is constrained to be 90° by symmetry. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by weak C—H...Br inter­actions in the [001] direction and paired very weak C—H...O inter­actions to the same acceptor in the [100] direction, generating (010) sheets. Possible extremely weak π–π stacking occurs between the layers

Application of a new grading scale for tear ferning in non-dry eye and dry eye subjects

The final publication is available at Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2014.09.007 © 2014. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Purpose: To apply the Masmali tear ferning (TF) grading scale on non-dry eye (NDE) and dry eye (DE) subjects to test the validity of the grading scale in practice, and to describe the grading scale range for NDE and DE. Method: Forty NDE subjects (20 males, 20 females) and 40 DE subjects (23 males, 17 females) ranging in age from 19 to 53 years (mean ± SD: 25.3 ± 5.5) with no other ocular disease, no contact lens wear, and not pregnant or breastfeeding were recruited. McMonnies scores were used for subject grouping. Phenol red thread (PRT) and slit-lamp test were used. A tear sample was collected from right eye, which was then dried to produce a ferning pattern, that was observed using a digital microscope, and graded. Results: Mean McMonnies, PRT and TF grade in NDE subjects were 7.1 ± 3.8, 27.4 ± 4.3 mm and 0.78 ± 0.40, respectively. Median McMonnies, PRT and TF grade in DE subjects were 16.5 ± 3.0, 9.0 ± 2.0 mm and 2.3 ± 1.48, respectively. In NDE subjects, grades 0.0–1.8 were observed (82.5% Grade 0.0–1.00). Grades 2.0–4.0 were observed in DE subjects (72.5% Grades 2.0–3.0). For all subjects, there were large correlations between TF grade and PRT (r = −0.79), PRT and McMonnies (r = −0.60), and TF and McMonnies (r = 0.73). Conclusions: The Masmali TF grading scale showed good validity in describing the TF patterns. Grades ≥2 can be classified as abnormal patterns. The TF test has the potential to be used in the clinic