A Simplified Hot-Plate Apparatus for Evaluation of Analgesic Effect

1. A. simple hot-plate apparatus, with comparatively good accuracy in the control of temperature, chiefly composed of a circular lead plate embedded with nicrome-wire heater was devised in order to improve the complications and inconveniences of the hot-plate apparatus used to date in algesimetric determination with mice. 2. The reaction times measured with this hot-plate maintained at 55°C with 500 normal mice showed an average of 9.96 &#177; 1.58 seconds and about 90% of the total mice exhibited reaction time of 7-13 seconds. With animals showing reaction time within this range, the daily mean reaction time did not vary with measurement once a day for consecutive days and the effect of drugs with comparatively weak analgesic effect was well reproduced with small number examples, such as 12 mice to a group.</p

Effect of Al2O3 or MgO on liquidus line in the FeOX corner of FeOX-SiO2-CaO system at 1523 K under various oxygen partial pressures

The liquidus line in the FeO corner of FeO SiO - CaO system and the effect by adding Al O or MgO to this plain system on the liquidus line were experimentally investigated at 1523 K in a wide range of oxygen partial pressure between about 10 and about 10 atm and for given (mass% CaO/mass% SiO / ratios in the system between 0 and about 1. It was found for the plain system that the liquidus line remarkably shifted toward the low FeO -content region when the partial pressure of oxygen was increased from 10 to 10 atm. It was clarified that the addition of Al O made the homogeneous region wide only in a strongly reducing atmosphere while the addition of MgO made the homogeneous liquid region remarkably narrow at all the oxygen partial pressures and all the (mass% CaO/mass% SiO / ratios investigated in the study

Active Carboxylic Acid-Terminated Alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold Bead Electrodes for Immobilization of Cytochromes c

It is extremely difficult to immobilize cytochrome c (cyt c) on carboxylic acid-terminated alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (HOOC-SAM) on gold bead electrodes prepared in a hydrogen flame. We found that simple pretreatment of a HOOC-SAM/gold bead electrode by potential cycling in buffer solution in the range ±300 mV prior to immobilization of the protein facilitated stable cyt c binding to HOOC-SAMs. The stability of cyt c on the HOOC-SAMs is independent of the topology of the gold surface

Ionic liquids enable accurate chromatographic analysis of polyelectrolytes

The molecular weight distribution of polyelectrolytes was determined with high performance liquid chromatography using ionic liquids as eluents, because the electrostatic repulsion among polyelectrolytes was entirely suppressed in it. A mixed sample of polycation and polyanion was also analysed to detect them independently. © The Royal Society of Chemistry.Embargo Period 12 month

Dogs as Sentinels for Human Infection with Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Because serosurveys of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) among wild animals and pigs may not accurately reflect risk for humans in urban/residential areas, we examined seroprevalence among dogs and cats. We found that JEV-infected mosquitoes have spread throughout Japan and that dogs, but not cats, might be good sentinels for monitoring JEV infection in urban/residential areas

Tetra­methyl­ammonium dihydrogen phosphate hemihydrate

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C4H12N+·H2PO4 −·0.5H2O, the anions form an infinite hydrogen-bonded chain along the [10] direction. The anion chains are connected by water mol­ecules, which lie on crystallographic twofold rotation axes, through O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds are almost perpendicular to the other hydrogen bonds which create an assembled structure of anions. In addition, C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between anions and cations are observed