Magnesium-Based Materials for Hydrogen Storage: Microstructural Properties

Magnesium (Mg) is hydrogenated as core-shell-type hydride. Therefore, increase of absorption capacity to the theoretical hydrogen capacity is still one of the most important issues for the hydrogen storage materials. In this study, the procedure of the core-shell structure as well as effect of Al concentration in Mg on the growth MgH2 in Mg were investigated. MgH2 was formed on the surface as well as inside of unreacted Mg core. The inside MgH2 was formed in a granular form on Mg grain boundary and its size increased by applying plastic deformation. Thickness of the surface MgH2 and size of the internal MgH2 increased with an increase in hydrogenation time until the hydride surface was completely covered with MgH2. However, the growth of the surface and internal MgH2 came to a halt after the surface was covered with MgH2. From these results, supplying H from metal side was dominantly contributed for growth of the surface and internal MgH2 because diffusion rate of H in Mg was much higher than that in MgH2. In addition, the growth of internal MgH2 as well as control of surface MgH2 can contribute to the promotion of the complete hydrogenation of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials

オヤ ノ ショトク ト ダイガク キョウイクキカイ カンレン ノ ツヨサ ト ヘンカ ニカンスル ケンショウ

論

Validating dark energy models using polarised Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect with large-angle CMB temperature and E-mode polarization anisotropies

The tomography of the polarized Sunyaev-Zeldvich effect due to free electrons of galaxy clusters can be used to constrain the nature of dark energy because CMB quadrupoles at different redshifts as the polarization source are sensitive to the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect. Here we show that the low multipoles of the temperature and E-mode polarization anisotropies from the all-sky CMB can improve the constraint further through the correlation between them and the CMB quadrupoles viewed from the galaxy clusters. Using a Monte-Carlo simulation, we find that low multipoles of the temperature and E-mode polarization anisotropies potentially improve the constraint on the equation of state of dark energy parameter by $\sim 17$ percent

Combined effects of eating alone and living alone on unhealthy dietary behaviors, obesity and underweight in older Japanese adults: Results of the JAGES

AbstractWe examined whether eating alone is associated with dietary behaviors and body weight status, and assessed the modifying effects of cohabitation status in older Japanese people. Data from the 2010 Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, with a self-reported questionnaire for 38,690 men and 43,674 women aged ≥65 years, were used. Eating status was classified as eating with others, sometimes eating alone, or exclusively eating alone. We calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) of unhealthy dietary behaviors, obesity, and underweight, adjusting for age, education, income, disease, and dental status using Poisson regression. Overall, 16% of men and 28% of women sometimes or exclusively ate alone. Among those who exclusively ate alone, 56% of men and 68% of women lived alone. Men who exclusively ate alone were 3.74 times more likely to skip meals than men who ate with others. Among men who exclusively ate alone, those who lived alone had a higher APR than men who lived with others. Compared with subjects who ate and lived with others, the APRs of being obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) among men who exclusively ate alone were 1.34 (1.01–1.78) in those who lived alone and 1.17 (0.84–1.64) in those who lived with others. These combined effects of eating and living alone were weaker in women, with a potential increase in the APRs among those who ate alone despite living with others. Men who exclusively ate alone were more likely to be underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) than men who ate with others in both cohabitation statuses. Eating alone and living alone may be jointly associated with higher prevalence of obesity, underweight and unhealthy eating behaviors in men

シキイチ モデル ニヨル キョウイクタッセイ ノ ブンセキ

本稿では、自然な順序をもつカテゴリー変数を閾値(threshold)概念を用いて分析する:方法について提案している。それは、対象者に何らかの一元的な潜在量を仮定し、その特徴を複数の分割点で区切った後にカテゴリーとして束ねたものが現実の度数分布に対応するとみなすものである。ここでは、そうした理解にもっとも相応しい状況として出身階層と教育達成のクロス表をとりあげ、イギリスを事例に具体的な分析法を説明している。出身背景によらず共通の分割点が適用されるという点に注目すれば、メリトクラシーの制度的な実践を評価する用具として、この閾値モデルを用いることができる。さらに、同じ枠組みのなかで教育達成の趨勢や男女差を検討する方法についても提案を試みた