CHANGES IN SPRINT PERFORMANCE AND KINETICS DURING THE ACCELERATION PHASE OF RUNNING OF A WORLD RECORD HOLDER

INTRODUCTION: Previously, it was reported that faster athletes tend to produce vertical ground reaction force (GRF) impulse during the acceleration phase of sprint (Hunter et al. 2005). The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in sprint performance and kinetics during the acceleration phase of running for a world record holder

IHTC14-22863 MECHANISM AND MODELING OF REWETTING INITIATION OF HOT DRY SURFACE IN SATURATED AND SUBCOOLED FILM BOILING

ABSTRACT The behavior of rewetting on a high superheated and dry surface, focusing on rewetting temperature just as collapse of saturated and subcooled film boiling was investigated experimentally and analytically. Saturated and subcooled pool film-boiling experiments were conducted by using a Silicon wafer with 20 mm length, 20 mm width and 0.5 mm thickness and pure water at atmospheric condition. Saturated and subcooled impingement jet experiments were also preformed. Then, the model analysis of rewetting initiation of a hot dry surface in saturated and subcooled film boiling was constructed by using hydrodynamics instability on liquid-vapor interface (Rayleigh-Taylor instability) and a heat conduction model (rewetting model under a falling film). Some physical parameters on Rayleigh-Taylor instability, for example released period of bubble from vapor film on a heater, generated volume rate of vapor and so on, were estimated by using Two-Phase Boundary Layer theory of saturated and subcooled film boiling. The present analytical results also showed that as the liquid subcooling was high, MHF temperature was higher. Namely, the predictions agreed with the present experimental results and Dhir-Purohit's correlation. In addition, the present model of MHF temperature was developed by taking into account the dependence on thermal conductivity of wall of the MHFtemperature

Bullous Pemphigoid IgG Induces BP180 Internalization via a Macropinocytic Pathway

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering skin disease induced by pathogenic autoantibodies against a type II transmembrane protein (BP180, collagen type XVII, or BPAG2). In animal models, BP180 autoantibody-antigen interaction appears insufficient to develop blisters, but involvement of complement and neutrophils is required. However, cultured keratinocytes treated with BP-IgG exhibit a reduction in the adhesive strength and a loss of expression of BP180, suggesting that the autoantibodies directly affect epidermal cell–extracellular matrix integrity. In this study, we explored the consequences of two distinct epithelial cells treated with BP-IgG, particularly the fate of BP180. First, we followed the distribution of green fluorescent protein–tagged BP180 in an epithelial cell line, 804G, and normal human epidermal keratinocytes after autoantibody clustering. After BP-IgG treatment, the adhesive strength of the cells to their substrate was decreased, and BP180 was internalized in both cell types, together with the early endosomal antigen-1. By using various endocytosis inhibitors and a fluid-uptake assay, we demonstrated that BP-IgG–induced BP180 internalization is mediated via a macropinocytic pathway. Moreover, a macropinocytosis inhibitor rescued a BP-IgG–induced reduction in the adhesive strength of the cells from their substrate. The results of this study suggest that BP180 internalization induced by BP-IgG plays an important role in the initiation of disease pathogenesis

Efficacy of 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine in preventing pneumonia and improving survival in nursing home residents: double blind, randomised and placebo controlled trial

Objective To determine the efficacy of a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in people at high risk of pneumococcal pneumonia

The Subaru Deep Field Project: Lymanα\alpha Emitters at Redshift of 6.6

We present new results of a deep optical imaging survey using a narrowband filter ($NB921$) centered at $\lambda =$ 9196 \AA ~ together with $B$, $V$, $R$, $i^\prime$, and $z^\prime$ broadband filters in the sky area of the Subaru Deep Field which has been promoted as one of legacy programs of the 8.2m Subaru Telescope. We obtained a photometric sample of 58 Ly$\alpha$ emitter candidates at $z \approx$ 6.5 -- 6.6 among $\sim 180$ strong $NB921$-excess ($z^\prime - NB921 > 1.0$) objects together with a color criterion of $i^\prime - z^\prime > 1.3$. We then obtained optical spectra of 20 objects in our $NB921$-excess sample and identified at least nine Ly$\alpha$ emitters at $z \sim 6.5$ -- 6.6 including the two emitters reported by Kodaira et al. (2003). Since our Ly$\alpha$ emitter candidates are free from strong amplification of gravitational lensing, we are able to discuss their observational properties from a statistical point of view. Based on these new results, we obtain a lower limit of the star formation rate density of $\rho_{\rm SFR} \simeq 5.5 \times 10^{-4}$ $h_{0.7}$ $M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-3}$ at $z \approx 6.6$, being consistent with our previous estimate. We discuss the nature of star-formation activity in galaxies beyond $z=6$.Comment: 49 pages, 16 figures, PASJ, Vol. 57, No. 1, in pres

A case of primary small cell carcinoma of the liver that was treated with chemotherapy

Primary small cell carcinoma (SSC) of the liver is very rare in Japan and only ten cases have been reported worldwide. We report herein the case of a 77-year-old man with primary SCC of the liver. He had a tumor over 10 cm in diameter which was localized in the right lobe of the liver and had invaded the right diaphragm. In laboratory tests, high serum levels of lactate dehydrase and neuron-specific enolase were observed. A biopsy specimen showed that the tumor cells were similar in cytology to a pulmonary SCC. The patient was first treated with carboplatin and etoposide according to the therapy protocol for pulmonary SCC and then with a regimen using etoposid and cisplatinum, resulting in an unfavorable outcome. We discuss the clinical course and therapy of extra-pulmonary SCC and review the literature of the cases previously reported

Morphological, Developmental, and Ecological Characteristics of the Suctorian Ciliate Ephelota gigantea (Ciliophora, Phyllopharyngea, Ephelotidae) Found on Cultured Wakame Seaweed in Northeastern Japan

Wakame seaweed is an important aquatic resource in Iwate Prefecture. However, a suctorian Ephelota gigantea sometimes causes great damage to wakame culture. Since little is known about the biological characteristics of E. gigantea, its detailed morphology and temporal change of biological characteristics during the 2010 culture season were investigated. Scanning electron microscope observations showed that E. gigantea had different striation patterns on the stalk; there was a swell made of cement by which the stalk was attached to wakame firmly; and the buds had cilia arranged in concentric circles about a ring in the center of the ventral side. A suctorian parasite was found to infect E. gigantea, and the infection seemed to have decreased drastically the attached density of E. gigantea on wakame. Cell size of parasite-infected E. gigantea individuals was larger than that of uninfected individuals, probably because larger E. gigantea has larger surface area for attachment of the parasite. Cyst formation or conjugating individuals were not observed

ホッカイドウ バッカイコウ ニ ライユウ スル ゴマフアザラシ（Phoca largha）ノ フユ-ハル ニ オケル リヨウ カイイキ オヨビ ハンショク カイイキ ノ スイテイ

1990年代後半以降，北海道日本海側においてはゴマフアザラシの来遊個体数が急増し，新たな上陸場も多数形成されている。それらの上陸場の中でも，稚内市抜海港は顕著に個体数増加が見られている。本研究では抜海港を利用する個体に衛星発信機を装着し，彼らの利用海域および繁殖海域を推定することを目的とした。発信機を装着した個体のうち2個体（メス1，オス1）はオホーツク海へ，他の2個体（オス2）は間宮（タタール）海峡へと移動した。また，オホーツク海，間宮海峡のどちらの海域へ移動した個体においても海氷域を利用し，常に海氷縁辺部に滞在する個体と，海氷域を利用せず沿岸域に滞在する個体が確認された。海氷縁辺部を利用した2個体はどちらも体サイズが大きく，海氷域を利用していた期間は上陸割合が増加する傾向があったことから，繁殖に参加した成獣であると考えられた。したがって，抜海港に来遊するゴマフアザラシの繁殖海域は，少なくともオホーツク海と間宮海峡の海氷域であることが推察された。一方，海氷域を利用しなかった2個体はどちらも体サイズが小さく，未成熟個体であったと考えられ，成獣と同様にオホーツク海あるいは間宮海峡への移動が確認された。以上のことから，抜海港には少なくともオホーツク海由来の個体と間宮海峡由来の個体が来遊してきていることが示唆された。Spotted seals migrating to the northern Japan Sea of Hokkaido increased rapidly after the late 1990s. Since then, many new hauled-out sites have been established. The population growth was observed at these newly formed haulout groups but the increase was especially large at the port of Bakkai in Wakkanai-city. In this study, we tracked the movement of 4 spotted seals captured in Bakkai using satellite transmitters, and estimated the utilization and breeding areas of the individuals using this site. As a result, 2 seals (both males) moved to the Tatar Strait, while the others (one male, one female) migrated to the Okhotsk Sea. At both sites, seals used several environments as haul-out sites: some seals used sea-ice area and stayed for the whole time while the others used the coastal region. Since two seals using the edge of the sea-ice were both large in body size, and their landing frequencies became higher as the time spent around the sea-ice increased, they are thought to be adult seals which were breeding. This suggests the breeding area of spotted seals migrating to the port of Bakkai are located on the sea-ice region within the Okhotsk Sea and Tatar Strait. On the other hand, because the seals using non sea-ice area were both small in body size, we considered them to be immature sub-adults, and they too, moved to the Okhotsk Sea or Tatar Strait like the adults. In conclusion, it is suggested that individuals which use the port of Bakkai as haulout sites are migrants from the Okhotsk Sea or Tatar Strait