A Study of the Argument over Student Participation in the Period of University Reform in Japan after World War II (Part 1) Focusing on the Discussions around 1950

This study reveals the series of discussions over student participation in the period of university reform in Japan after World WarⅡ. It especially focuses on the confrontation in the period from October, 1948 to October, 1950 and clarifies the details of the counter proposals to the draft outline of the University Law (Daigaku-ho Shian Yoko) made by the Japan Teachers' Union (Nikkyoso) and the National Federation of Students' Self-government Associations (Zengakuren). Next, it examines many of the primary historical materials owned by the National Institute for Educational Policy Research (NIER) and presents specific opinions on student participation both from supporters and opponents and sheds light on the process which established the student participation clause in a sequence of deliberations of the Drafting Council of the Bill of National University Administration (Kokuritsu Daigaku Kanri Hoan Kiso Kyogikai). In the conclusion, three points are made: 1) Before enactment of the first draft of the bill of National University Administration, more idealistic student participation proposal had been discussed with concrete articles; 2)seemingly progressive student participation clause is a step backwards compared with earlier deliberation. That is, it is misunderstanding that the existing of the clause is an evidence of positive support for student participation; 3) the word “administration” (kanri) caused the committee to regard the bill as one that covered only administrative issues and the students, target of education, were expelled from the area

Probing Left-handed Slepton Flavor Mixing at Future Lepton Colliders

It has been argued in the literature that the search for the slepton oscillation phenomenon can be a powerful probe of intergenerational mixing between sleptons, once sleptons are found at future colliders. In this article we estimate possible reach of future lepton colliders in probing left-handed slepton flavor mixing, especially mixing between the first and third generations, on which constraints imposed by other processes like $\tau \to e \gamma$ are very weak. $e^+e^-$ collider is suitable for this purpose, since it can produce, if kinematically allowed, sleptons of the first generation via t-channel, in addition to s-channel. Utilizing e^+e^- \to \tau e + 4jets + \E signal at $e^+e^-$ linear collider with integrated luminosity L=50 fb^{-1}(500 fb^{-1}) it may be possible to reach mixing angle $\sin 2\theta_{\tilde{\nu}} \gtrsim 0.06 (0.04)$ and mass difference $\Delta m_{\tilde{\nu}} \gtrsim 0.07 (0.04)$ GeV for sneutrinos in the first and third generations at the statistical significance of 5 \sigma.Comment: 27 pages, 6 figures. A new section added. Conclusion unchanged. To appear in Phys. Rev.

DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target

The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19患者由来の血液細胞における遺伝子発現の網羅的解析 --重症度に応じた遺伝子発現の変化には、ヒトゲノム配列の個人差が影響する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-23.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection

The Reality and Challenges of Student Participation in University Governance : Focusing on the Norwegian Case <ARTICLES>

In Europe it has become a common target of the Bologna Process to require students to participate in quality assurance activities, and several organizations have monitored and reported on the degree of attainment achieved by each signatory country. However, these types of reports have focused mainly on external student participation, whereby students engaged in national or international level quality assurance activities outside a campus. Also, the reports tend to emphasize whether or not a country accomplished the criteria, and what is rarely revealed is what methods countries used to implement the internal student participation activities that were linked to external student participation and quality assurance, within an institution. In this paper, attention has been focused on internal student participation, whereby students engaged in various spheres of university governance. Norway was selected as test case because the country has long tradition of student participation and is reported to be one of the most advanced countries in the Bologna Process, as regards student participation in quality assurance. The composition of this paper is as follows: first, the background and a brief history of student participation is presented, including a discussion of the University Act of Norway, which requires student participation in university governance. Next, the University of Oslo (the flagship university in Norway) provides a case study for examining the structure of university-level and faculty-level student participation. Then, the results of a survey, conducted in the University of Oslo in 2009, are presented. In the questionnaire there were eight questions, the first two of which are discussed in this paper: Q1 – 'What kinds of problems exist in the current system of student participation at the University of Oslo?'; Q2 – 'What kind of new measures would you like to see put in place?' The open-ended answers to questions one and two were analyzed using a qualitative data analysis software. The results from answers to Q1 indicated that, in decreasing order: the participation and interest of students was quite low; the system had problems relating to the distribution of information; the system was not well known among the students generally, etc. Also, the answers to Q2 showed the need to: improve the way information was distributed, increase funding, and facilitate communication among members of the university, etc

La gouvernance universitaire en France

1．はじめに 1 2．大学の組織運営に関する制度 8 3．大学運営における執行部の役割と部局との関係 15 4．教育研究組織の編成とその運営 26 5．その他の構成員 31 6．訪問調査から 37 7．考察と結論 43 8．資料編 54 参考文献 10