ダイ43ジ ナンキョク チイキ カンソクタイ キショウ ブモン ホウコク 2002

この報告は,第43次南極地域観測隊気象部門が,2002年2月1日から2003年1月31日まで,昭和基地を中心に行った気象観測結果をまとめたものである.観測方法,測器,統計方法等は,第42次隊とほぼ同様である. 越冬期間中,特記される気象現象として,次のものが挙げられる.1) 地上気象観測では,5月から10月にかけて気温が平年より高く,月平均気温の高い方,日最高気温の月平均の高い方,日最低気温の月平均の高い方の極値の更新があった.また9月中旬にあったA級ブリザードは,最大瞬間風速57.9m/s, 最大10分間平均風速45.4m/sであった.これは9月として1位,通年の統計でも3位の強風であった.2) 高層気象観測では,成層圏突然昇温が例年より早く発現(7月上旬)し,9月末には,南半球では初めて観測された極渦の2分離を伴う成層圏大突然昇温が起こった.3) オゾン全量観測においては,8月上旬から10月中旬にかけてオゾンホールを観測したが,10月下旬以降はこの20年間の平均よりも多い値で推移した.This report describes the result of meteorological observations at Syowa Station and neighboring areas from February 1, 2002 to January 31, 2003, carried out by the Meteorological Observation Team of the 43rd Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-43). Instruments and methods for compiling data were almost the same as those used in the 42nd Expedition. Remarkable weather phenomena observed during the period were as follows.1) In the surface weather observations, air temperature was higher than in a normal year from May to October. In addition, a blizzard (Class A), observed in the middle of September, recorded 57.9m/s (maximum instantaneous wind velocity) and 45.4m/s (maximum 10 minutes average wind velocity). These wind speed were the maximum values ever observed in September and third rank in any month.2) In aerological observations, sudden warming in the lower stratosphere appeared earlier (beginning of July), and major warming with vortex split which was the first observation in the Southern Hemisphere occurred in late September.3) The ozone hole was observed from the beginning of August to the middle of October. After late October, the total ozone amount was higher than the average of the last 20 years

Meteorological observations at Syowa Station in 2002 by the 43rd Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition

This report describes the result of meteorological observations at Syowa Station and neighboring areas from February 1, 2002 to January 31, 2003, carried out by the Meteorological Observation Team of the 43rd Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-43). Instruments and methods for compiling data were almost the same as those used in the 42nd Expedition. Remarkable weather phenomena observed during the period were as follows.1) In the surface weather observations, air temperature was higher than in a normal year from May to October. In addition, a blizzard (Class A), observed in the middle of September, recorded 57.9m/s (maximum instantaneous wind velocity) and 45.4m/s (maximum 10 minutes average wind velocity). These wind speed were the maximum values ever observed in September and third rank in any month.2) In aerological observations, sudden warming in the lower stratosphere appeared earlier (beginning of July), and major warming with vortex split which was the first observation in the Southern Hemisphere occurred in late September.3) The ozone hole was observed from the beginning of August to the middle of October. After late October, the total ozone amount was higher than the average of the last 20 years

Comparison of the Diagnostic Efficiency of Radial- and Convex-Arrayed Echoendoscopes for Indirect Findings of Pancreatic Cancer: A Retrospective Comparative Study Using Propensity Score Method

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is useful for detecting early-stage pancreatic cancer. Because the detection of small lesions is difficult, it is important to detect indirect findings, namely caliber change, retention cysts, and dilatation of the branch duct, during the procedure. Although two types of EUS endoscopes are frequently used, there is no comparative study on their efficacy for detecting indirect findings. Therefore, we aimed to compare the diagnostic efficacy of these two types for indirect findings. We retrospectively analyzed 316 consecutive patients who had undergone EUS for pancreaticobiliary disease at a single center between January 2017 and December 2018. The main outcome was the detection rate of indirect findings and its comparison between the two echoendoscope types. This outcome was achieved using the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis. The detection rate of indirect findings was higher for the radial-arrayed endoscope than for the convex-arrayed echoendoscope (9.2% vs. 2.3% (p = 0.02)). The univariate analysis also revealed that the radial-arrayed echoendoscope was significantly superior to the convex-arrayed echoendoscope in terms of the detection of indirect findings (odds ratio, 5.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.68–21.10; p = 0.01) after IPTW. After adjustment for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), radial-arrayed echoendoscope remained an independent factor for indirect finding detection (odds ratio, 6.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.74–21.00; p = 0.01). Finally, five patients who had indirect EUS findings were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Our results indicate that the radial-arrayed echoendoscope is useful for the detection of indirect findings