N-アセチルラクトサミン・キトビオースのアノマー位活性化および部分保護

糖鎖合成における従来法より効果的な新規ブロック合成法の確立のため､近年酵素合成可能となった二糖(N-アセチルラクトサミン､キトビオース)を用いて､アノマー位の活性化および部分保護について検討を行った結果､グリコシド化反応においてビリジニウム-p-トルエンスルホナート(PPTS)が2-アミノ糖で一般に用いられる酸触媒よりも効果的であることが判明した｡講演番号：3 A1 1

Identification and Characterization of Novel Genotoxic Stress-Inducible Nuclear Long Noncoding RNAs in Mammalian Cells

Whole transcriptome analyses have revealed a large number of novel transcripts including long and short noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Currently, there is great interest in characterizing the functions of the different classes of ncRNAs and their relevance to cellular processes. In particular, nuclear long ncRNAs may be involved in controlling various aspects of biological regulation, such as stress responses. By a combination of bioinformatic and experimental approaches, we identified 25 novel nuclear long ncRNAs from 6,088,565 full-length human cDNA sequences. Some nuclear long ncRNAs were conserved among vertebrates, whereas others were found only among primates. Expression profiling of the nuclear long ncRNAs in human tissues revealed that most were expressed ubiquitously. A subset of the identified nuclear long ncRNAs was induced by the genotoxic agents mitomycin C or doxorubicin, in HeLa Tet-off cells. There were no commonly altered nuclear long ncRNAs between mitomycin C- and doxorubicin-treated cells. These results suggest that distinct sets of nuclear long ncRNAs play roles in cellular defense mechanisms against specific genotoxic agents, and that particular long ncRNAs have the potential to be surrogate indicators of a specific cell stress

Fluorescent gold nanoparticle superlattices

3D superlattices of fluorescent gold nanoparticles are prepared at an air/water interface. The hexagonal assembly extends over several micrometers, and crystals of triangular morphology are imaged using the fluorescence emission of the monolayers protecting the nanoparticles (see figure). Surprisingly, the superlattices are fluorescent even though the fluorescein derivative is close to the metallic core and strong quenching is expected

Carbon-Ion Therapy for Patients with Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer

Purpose: To evaluate the tolerance for and effectiveness of carbon ion radiotherapy in patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer.Patients and Methods: We conducted a phase I/II dose escalation study of carbon ion radiotherapy. One hundred twenty-nine patients with 134 sites of locally recurrent cancer receiving carbon ion radiotherapy were analyzed.Fifty-eight relapses originated in the presacral region, 45 in the pelvic sidewalls, 20 in the perineal region and 9 in the colorectal anastomosis.The total dose ranged from 67.2 to 73.6 gray equivalent (GyE) and was administered in 16 fixed fractions over 4 weeks (4.2 to 4.6 GyE/fraction).Results: None of the 104 lesions treated with the highest total dose of 73.6 GyE experienced National Cancer Institute - Common Toxicity Criteria grade 3 to 5 acute reactions. The local control rate in patients treated with 73.6 GyE in the present study was 98% at one year and 95% at 5 years. The dose escalation was then halted at this level. The median survival in the patients treated with 73.6 GyE was 54 months (range, 7 to 82 months), and the overall survival rates were 74% at 3 years and 45% at 5 years, respectively.Conclusion: Carbon ion radiotherapy seems to be a safe and effective modality in the management of locally recurrent rectal cancer, providing good local control and offering a survival advantage without unacceptableThe 4th Japanese-European Joint Symposium on Ion Cancer Therap

Outcomes after short-course carbon ion radiotherapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma according to tumor size

Purpose: Since 1995, carbon ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) has been performed for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and clinical trials were initiated at the National Institute of Radiological Science. Even though the early detection has progressed, HCC that exceeds 5cm exists in no small way. This time, we compared the treatment results in terms of tumor size.Materials and methods: The study consisted of 69 patients undergoing C-ion RT of 52.8GyE in four fractions between April 2000 and March 2003. We divided into two groups (more than 5cm or not) and compared local control, survival, and adverse events between the two groups.Results: The enrolled patients consisted of 52 males and 17 females. Median age was 69 years (range, 37-84). Median maximum tumor diameter was 4.0cm, 5cm or less was 53 examples, 5-10cm was 14 examples, and 10-15cm was 2 examples. When the patients divided into two groups according to tumor size (≤5cm vs. >5cm), there were no significant differences in late liver toxicity. No hepatic failure resulting from the therapy and no treatment-related death occurred. The 5-year local tumor control rates were 94% in two groups. The overall 5-year survival rate was 36% (≤5cm) and 13% (>5cm). There were no significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.162).Conclusions: The 5-year local control rate was 94% in two groups (≤5cm vs. >5cm) and the effectiveness of the C-ion RT as the local treatment was shown. Short-course C-ion RT appears to be an effective and safe therapeutic option for HCC regardless of tumor size.The 21st Conference of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Live

Carbon Ion Radiotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer

The Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) is the world first heavy ion accelerator complex dedicated to medical use in a hospital environment. Carbon ion therapy offers the potential advantages of improved dose localization and enhanced biological effects. It has been suggested that carbon ion therapy is effective against radioresistant pancreatic cancer. In April 2000, clinical studies examining the treatment of pancreatic cancer with carbon ions were begun at the HIMAC. As of February 2010, 48 patients treated with preoperative carbon ion radiotherapy and 89 patients treated for locally advanced pancreatic cancer were enrolled into the clinical trials. Both protocols are still ongoing. The interim results of these clinical trials suggest that carbon ion radiotherapy provides good local control and offers a survival advantage for patients with otherwise hard to cure pancreatic cancer, without unacceptable morbidity.The KI-NIRS Joint Symposium on Ion-Radiation Science

Carbon Ion Radiotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer

The Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) is the world first heavy ion accelerator complex dedicated to medical use in a hospital environment. Carbon ion therapy offers the potential advantages of improved dose localization and enhanced biological effects. It has been suggested that carbon ion therapy is effective against radioresistant pancreatic cancer. In April 2000, clinical studies examining the treatment of pancreatic cancer with carbon ions were begun at the HIMAC. As of February 2010, 48 patients treated with preoperative carbon ion radiotherapy and 89 patients treated for locally advanced pancreatic cancer were enrolled into the clinical trials. Both protocols are still ongoing. The interim results of these clinical trials suggest that carbon ion radiotherapy provides good local control and offers a survival advantage for patients with otherwise hard to cure pancreatic cancer, without unacceptable morbidity

Carbon Ion Radiotherapy for Liver Cancer

The objective of this paper is to present a summary of a clinical study on carbon ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) conducted from April 1995 to August 2005 at the Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, in Japan. A total of 193 patients with HCC were enrolled in the clinical trial of carbon ion beams. In the first and second phase I/II clinical trials, dose escalation experiments were carried out in incremental steps of 10%, resulting in the confirmation of both the safety and efficacy of short-course regimens of 12, 8 and 4 fractions. Based on the results, a phase II clinical study with fixed fractionation, that is, 52.8 GyE/4 fractions, was performed. A total of 47 patients were treated during this phase II study, which resulted in low toxicity and attained a high local control rate (96%) for 5 years after treatment. The last clinical study was conducted from April 2003 to August 2005 with a more hypofractionated regimen of 2 fractions/2 days, in which 36 patients were safely treated within a dose escalation range from 32.0 GyE to 38.8 GyE. The 2-fraction therapy protocol is continuing under the license of Highly Advanced Medical Technology. There have been no therapy-related deaths and no severe adverse events. We can conclude that, because of the low toxicity and high local control rate, C-ion RT has a promising potential as a new, radical, and minimally invasive therapeutic option for HCC.The 4th Japanese-European Joint Symposium on Ion Cancer Therap

Carbon Ion Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with underlying chronic liver diseases should include every possible effort to maintain optimal liver function. Charged particle therapy using proton and carbon ion beams provides a sharper and more focused irradiation to the target region of the liver than conventional X-ray radiotherapy. It therefore reduces the risk of tratment-related liver damage. A series of four clinical studies of carbon ion radiotherapy for the treatment of HCC were conducted at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences from June 1995 to Augst 2005. These studies determined the optimal doses for radiotherapy for HCC. We also contributed to reducing the number of irradiation sessions, and achieved a shorter treatment period. The treatment schedule was simplified from 15 fractions over five weeks to two fractions for two days. The local control rates for the carbon ion radiotherapy were around 90% across various tumor sizes, tumor locations, and fractionations schedule. In most of the patients, the liver function showed no or a minor deterioration. Heavy charged particle therapy, which provides a safe and powerful therapeutic modality for tumors of all sizes, is an excellent choice for the treatment of HCC. It can be used effectively in conjunction with other approaches available in multidisciplinary disease management