KINEMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF KICK START FOR ELITE COMPETITIVE JAPANESE MALE SPRINT SWIMMERS

The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematic characteristics of the kick start technique at the start phase demonstrated by male elite competitive sprint swimmers and male collegiate swimmers in consideration of the performance enhancement. An elite competitive sprint swimmer and eleven collegiate male swimmers performed maximal effort during competitive swimming at the start followed by 25 m crawl swim during experimental trials. The trials were recorded using three synchronized video cameras shooting at 60 fps. Two-dimensional video analysis was performed in the sagittal plane. Calculated variables at take-off were horizontal velocity, speed, attitude angle, angle of projection, whereas those at entry were entry angle, attitude angle, angle of attack. In addition, block time horizontal coordinates for start position and 15 m time were calculated. Based on the results of this study, the kick start technique for the top competitive sprint swimmer was characterized as having shorter block time and higher horizontal velocity at take-off

First Synthesis of a Natural Isoxanthopterin Glycoside, Asperopterin-A

The key precursor, N-2-(N,N-dimethylaminomethylene)-6-hydroxymethy1-8-methyl-3[2-(4-nitrophenypethyl]-7-xanthopterin (9) was efficiently prepared from 2,5-diamino-6-methylam1no-3H-pyrimidin-4-one (3) and ethyl 3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-oxopropionate (11). The first synthesis of asperopterin-A (2b) was achieved by treatment of 9 with 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoy1-beta-D-ribofuranose (15) in the presence of tin(IV) chloride, followed by removal of the protecting groups

Synthesis of 6-Hydroxymethylpterin α- and β-D-Glucosides

The key precursor, N(2)-(N,N-dimethylaminomethylene)-6-hydroxymethyl-3-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]pterin (11) was efficiently prepared from 2,5,6-triamino-4-hydroxypyrimidine (8) in 5 steps. The first, unequivocal synthesis of 6-hydroxymethylpterin α-D-glucoside (6a) was achieved by treatment of 11 with 4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-di-O-(4-methoxybenzyl)-α-D-glucopyranosyl bromide (16) in the presence of tetraethylammonium bromide and N-ethyldiisopropylamine, followed by removal of the protecting groups, while 6-hydroxymethylpterin β-D-glucoside (6b) was prepared by means of selective glycosylation of 11 with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl bromide (12) in the presence of silver triflate and tetramethylurea

Studies on Pheromones of Female Eri-Silk Moth, III. Synthesis of (6Z, 11Z)-6,11-Hexadecadienal and Its Activity as Pheromone Mimics toward Male Eri-Silk Moth

Article信州大学農学部紀要 20(2): 213-218(1983)departmental bulletin pape

ROLES OF THE EXTREMITIES DURING KICK START IN COMPETITIVE SWIMMING

This study was aimed at examining the role of the hands and feet at takeoff by measuring the forces applied to the starting block by the right/left hands and feet. A small, waterproof force plate and a three-axis force sensor (operating at 500 Hz) were placed at the front and back of a custom-made starting block with an inclination angle of 10�� and on the right and left sides of the front of the starting block, respectively, to measure the force exerted on the starting block. Five male collegiate competitive swimmers were requested to perform kick starts from the starting block. The rear and front feet had the greatest contribution to the horizontal and vertical velocities, respectively, at kick start. In addition, the hand and foot exerted downward and upward forces, respectively, to the vertical velocity at kick start, revealing bilateral differences in the horizontal and vertical velocities of the hand

Postoperative Course of Serum Albumin Levels and Organ Dysfunction After Liver Transplantation

Background and aims: Postoperative hypoalbuminemia, especially following liver transplantation, can lead to adverse multisystem effects and even death. We investigated the relationship between postoperative albumin levels and organ failure (assessed using Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA] scores). Methods: Sixty liver transplant recipients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from 2012 to 2015 were retrospectively divided into 2 groups: lower albumin (LA) (n=28) and higher albumin (HA) (n=32), using whether serum albumin level fell below 3.0 g/dL during the first postoperative week as the stratifying factor. The SOFA scores (primary endpoint) and associated complications (ascites amount, rejection, re-intubation, abdominal re-operation, thrombosis), additional treatment (dialysis, pleural effusion drainage), and duration of ICU stay (secondary endpoints) of the 2 groups were compared. Results: Average serum albumin levels were significantly different between HA and LA groups (3.6 [3.4-3.8] vs 3.1 [2.9-3.3], respectively, P Conclusions: Serum albumin level might not influence cumulative organ function, but it decreases the amount of hemodynamic support required in liver transplant recipients

Ambipolar suppression of superconductivity by ionic gating in optimally-doped BaFe2(As,P)2 ultrathin films

Superconductivity (SC) in the Ba-122 family of iron-based compounds can be controlled by aliovalent or isovalent substitutions, applied external pressure, and strain, the combined effects of which are sometimes studied within the same sample. Most often, the result is limited to a shift of the SC dome to different doping values. In a few cases, the maximum SC transition at optimal doping can also be enhanced. In this work, we study the combination of charge doping together with isovalent P substitution and strain by performing ionic gating experiments on BaFe$_2$(As$_{0.8}$P$_{0.2}$)$_2$ ultrathin films. We show that the polarization of the ionic gate induces modulations to the normal-state transport properties that can be mainly ascribed to surface charge doping. We demonstrate that ionic gating can only shift the system away from the optimal conditions, as the SC transition temperature is suppressed by both electron and hole doping. We also observe a broadening of the resistive transition, which suggests that the SC order parameter is modulated nonhomogeneously across the film thickness, in contrast with earlier reports on charge-doped standard BCS superconductors and cuprates.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Comprehensive Analysis of Bacterial Flora in Postoperative Maxillary Cyst Fluid by 16S rRNA Gene and Culture Methods

Intracystic fluid was aseptically collected from 11 patients with postoperative maxillary cyst (POMC), and DNA was extracted from the POMC fluid. Bacterial species were identified by sequencing after cloning of approximately 580 bp of the 16S rRNA gene. Identification of pathogenic bacteria was also performed by culture methods. The phylogenetic identity was determined by sequencing 517–596 bp in each of the 1139 16S rRNA gene clones. A total of 1114 clones were classified while the remaining 25 clones were unclassified. A total of 103 bacterial species belonging to 42 genera were identified in POMC fluid samples by 16S rRNA gene analysis. Species of Prevotella (91%), Neisseria (73%), Fusobacterium (73%), Porphyromonas (73%), and Propionibacterium (73%) were found to be highly prevalent in all patients. Streptococcus mitis (64%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (55%), Propionibacterium acnes (55%), Staphylococcus capitis (55%), and Streptococcus salivarius (55%) were detected in more than 6 of the 11 patients. The results obtained by the culture method were different from those obtained by 16S rRNA gene analysis, but both approaches may be necessary for the identification of pathogens, especially of bacteria that are difficult to detect by culture methods, and the development of rational treatments for patients with POMC