Color-coded diagram of the lymphatic territories (lymphosomes) with lymphatic vessels shown distally from their corresponding lymph nodes: 1, submandibular; 2, parotid; 3, dorsal superficial cervical; 4, axillary; 5, medial iliac; 6, lateral sacral; 7, hypogastric; 8, popliteal; 9, superficial inguinal; 10, ventral superficial cervical.

<p>Color-coded diagram of the lymphatic territories (lymphosomes) with lymphatic vessels shown distally from their corresponding lymph nodes: 1, submandibular; 2, parotid; 3, dorsal superficial cervical; 4, axillary; 5, medial iliac; 6, lateral sacral; 7, hypogastric; 8, popliteal; 9, superficial inguinal; 10, ventral superficial cervical.</p

Montage of indocyanine green (ICG) lymphographic images of the left forelimb of the live dog prior to lymph node dissection.

<p>The ventral superficial lymph node (arrow) was identified using injections of ICG at interdigital webspaces.</p

A montage of indocyanine green lymphographic images of the left forelimbs of 2 live dogs 6 months after lymph node dissection (top).

<p>Bright spots were seen in the area in which the surgery took place (black arrow). Locations of lymph nodes are marked (white arrows). Lymphangiograms from the same dogs from lateral (left) and antero-posterior (right) views showing capillary-like network (black arrows) and bypassed lymph nodes (white arrows) (middle). Diagrams show changes of lymphatic pathways (bottom).</p

Anteroposterior (top) and lateral (bottom) radiographs of the whole body carcass after lymphatic injection.

<p>Anteroposterior (top) and lateral (bottom) radiographs of the whole body carcass after lymphatic injection.</p

Marked lymphatic vessels near the dorsal midline in the torso (indocyanine green injection sites are shown as green dots) (top).

<p>A magnified photo shows that ICG was specifically taken into the lymph vessel (arrow) (bottom).</p

Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent lymphographic image of the medial side of the left forelimb in a dog carcass (left).

<p>Tracing of the lymphatic vessels visualized using ICG lymphography (right).</p

Histological image with hematoxylin and eosin staining of a cross section of a skin in the capillary-like network (scale bar: 5 mm) (left).

<p>Small lymphatics lined with pigment is found in the entire fibrous scar tissue (scale bar: 2 mm) (right: white square field of the left).</p

Postoperative lymphangiogram of a patient who underwent right breast mastectomy and axillary node dissection.

<p>Injected radiocontrast from the affected hand reached the contralateral axillary and ipsilateral supraclavicular nodes. Compare with the lymphangiogram of the live dog in Fig. 7. (Reprinted with permission from Bobbio P, Peracchia G, Pellegrino F. (1962) Connessioni linfatiche presternali fra le regioni mammarie dei due lati. <i>Ateneo Parmensa</i>, 33(supp.): 95–109).</p

Human lymphosomes, similar to the canine lymphosomes.

<p>1, Frontal cervical; 2, parotid; 3, posterior cervical; 4, axillary; 5, retroperitoneal; 6, popliteal; 7, superficial inguinal; 8, subclavicular.</p

The popliteal lymph node with afferent lymphatic vessels (stained orange by the lead tetroxide radiocontrast mixture).

<p>The popliteal lymph node with afferent lymphatic vessels (stained orange by the lead tetroxide radiocontrast mixture).</p