218 research outputs found
The current and the charge noise of a single-electron transistor in the regime of large charge fluctuations out of equilibrium
By using the Schwinger-Keldysh approach, we evaluate the current noise and
the charge noise of the single-electron transistor (SET) in the regime of large
charge fluctuations caused by large tunneling conductance. Our result
interpolates between previous theories; the "orthodox" theory and the
"co-tunneling theory". We find that the life-time broadening effect suppresses
the Fano factor below the value estimated by the previous theories. We also
show that the large tunnel conductance does not reduce the energy sensitivity
so much. Our results demonstrate quantitatively that SET electrometer can be
used as the high-sensitivity and high-speed device for quantum measurements.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, Proccedings of International Symposium on
Mesoscopic Superconductivity and Spintronics (MS+S2002
The Mixed State of Charge-Density-Wave in a Ring-Shaped Single Crystals
Charge-density-wave (CDW) phase transition in a ring-shaped crystals,
recently synthesized by Tanda et al. [Nature, 417, 397 (2002)], is studied
based on a mean-field-approximation of Ginzburg-Landau free energy. It is shown
that in a ring-shaped crystals CDW undergoes frustration due to the curvature
(bending) of the ring (geometrical frustration) and, thus, forms a mixed state
analogous to what a type-II superconductor forms under a magnetic field. We
discuss the nature of the phase transition in the ring-CDW in relation to
recent experiments.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
The effect of charge fluctuation on a normal-superconducting-normal single-electron transistor
We theoretically investigate quantum fluctuation of charge between even and
odd states of a normal-superconducting-normal single-electron tunneling
transistor. It is shown that due to the superconducting gap, the charge
fluctuation in the Coulomb blockade regime for even state is larger than that
for odd state. We show that large energy correction in the former regime caused
by charge fluctuation can be explained by considering the charging energy
renormalization.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, prepared for Proccedings of International
Symposium on Superconducting Device Physics (SDP 2001
THE IMPACT OF EPICARDIAL ADIPOSE TISSUE FOR THE PREDICTOR OF CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS BY USING 320-MDCT - COMPARISON TO ABDOMINAL VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE -
New Evidence Confirms That the Mitochondrial Bottleneck Is Generated without Reduction of Mitochondrial DNA Content in Early Primordial Germ Cells of Mice
In mammals, observations of rapid shifts in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants between generations have led to the creation of the bottleneck theory for the transmission of mtDNA. The bottleneck could be attributed to a marked decline of mtDNA content in germ cells giving rise to the next generation, to a small effective number of mtDNA segregation units resulting from homoplasmic nucleoids rather than the single mtDNA molecule serving as the units of segregation, or to the selective transmission of a subgroup of the mtDNA population to the progeny. We have previously determined mtDNA copy number in single germ cells and shown that the bottleneck occurs without the reduction in germline mtDNA content. Recently one study suggested that the bottleneck is driven by a remarkable decline of mtDNA copies in early primordial germ cells (PGCs), while another study reported that the mtDNA genetic bottleneck results from replication of a subpopulation of the mtDNA genome during postnatal oocyte maturation and not during embryonic oogenesis, despite a detected a reduction in mtDNA content in early PGCs. To clarify these contradictory results, we examined the mtDNA copy number in PGCs isolated from transgenic mice expressing fluorescent proteins specifically in PGCs as in the aforementioned two other studies. We provide clear evidence to confirm that no remarkable reduction in mtDNA content occurs in PGCs and reinforce that the bottleneck is generated without reduction of mtDNA content in germ cells
Coagulation factor deficiency apparently related to the Fitzgerald trait: the first cases in Japan.
A blood coagulation deficiency was found at the contact phase in identical Japanese female twins. Of the four possible factors involved, Factor XI or XII can be ruled out according to cross-correction studies. The problem factor was probably not Fletcher factor, because the abnormal partial thromboplastin time was not significantly shortened by increasing the incubation period of plasma with kaolin. The deficiency is most likely due to the lack of Fitzgerald factor.</p
The effect of large quantum fluctuation on the noise of a single-electron transistor
We theoretically investigate the noise of a single-electron transistor in the
regime of large quantum fluctuation of charge out of equilibrium. We show that
the charge noise is suppressed due to the charge renormalization caused by the
quantum fluctuation. However the fluctuation is not strong enough to wash out
the charge quantization. We find that the renormalization effect reduces the
performance of a single-electron electrometer.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures: proceedings of the 23rd International Conference
on Low Temperature Physics, (August 20-27, 2002, Hiroshima, Japan
Role of adenosine in the renal responses to contrast medium
Role of adenosine in the renal responses to contrast medium. Despite the development of non-ionic radiographic contrast media (CM), CM-induced nephropathy is a clinically important problem in patients with pre-existing renal insufficiency. We examined the effects of non-ionic CM (iohexol) on renal function in conscious dogs with and without renal insufficiency, and evaluated the effects of a non-selective (theophylline), an A1 selective (KW-3902), and an A2 selective adenosine antagonist (KF17837) on the renal responses to CM. In sham-operated group, iohexol (2ml/kg/min for 3min) increased effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), whereas in renal insufficiency group (with subtotal nephrectomy), following transient increases in ERPF and GFR, CM markedly decreased ERPF (-46.5 ± 6.7%) and GFR (-51.2 ± 7.1%). In sham-operated group, theophylline and KF17837 markedly attenuated CM-induced increases in ERPF and GFR, while KW-3902 had no effects on CM-induced increases in ERPF or GFR. In renal insufficiency group, initial increases in ERPF and GFR were blunted by theophylline and KF17837. In contrast, the subsequent decreases in ERPF and GFR were attenuated by theophylline (%ΔERPF, -12.2 ± 3.2% vs. -46.6 ± 6.7%, P < 0.01; %ΔGFR, 4.3 ± 2.5% vs. -51.0 ± 7.1%, P < 0.01), and were completely prevented by KW-3902 (%ΔERPF, 10.8 ± 2.9%; %ΔGFR, 23.8 ± 4.4%), whereas KF17837 aggravated ERPF (-73.3 ± 5.3%) and GFR (-78.4 ± 5.3%). These data indicate that in normal renal function, iohexol elicits renal vasodilation by activating mainly the adenosine A2 receptors. In contrast, in impaired renal function, CM induces both A2 and A1 activation; the former is associated with the initial renal vasodilation, while the latter is responsible for the sustained aggravation of renal hemodynamics
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