9 research outputs found

    Detecting Naloxone in Adulterated Urine Samples: Can Naloxone be Detected When Buprenorphine/Naloxone Film is Dipped Directly into Urine and Water?

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    This study is aimed at exploring if “naloxone” is detected in urine and water samples by dipping buprenorphine/naloxone film directly into these specimens. This study utilized 12 urine samples from 12 healthy participants who were not taking any medications with four samples added as a control. Sublingual generic buprenorphine/naloxone (8 mg/2 mg) film was dipped directly into these samples. They were sent to the ARUP laboratory for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) quantitative analysis. The results were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software. The results showed that “naloxone” was detected at high levels both in urine samples and in water, into which buprenorphine/naloxone film was dipped. In addition, the “naloxone” level was associated with the area of the film and the time in contact with the urine or water samples, but it was not affected by the urine concentration or the temperature of the specimens. This information will be useful for clinicians in identifying urine manipulation and interpreting urine drug test results and can help them for accurate monitoring of their patients’ treatment progress in opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment programs.

    Association Between Opioid Use Disorder and Seizure Incidents Among Alcohol Use Disorder Patients

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    Many previous studies have discussed an association between alcohol use disorder (AUD) and seizure incidents. There are also case reports of seizures during opioid withdrawals. Therefore, it is possible that AUD patients may have a higher risk of seizures if they also have opioid use disorder (OUD). However, it remains unproven whether AUD patients with a dual diagnosis of OUD have higher seizure incidents, to our knowledge. This study explored seizure incidents among the patients with a dual diagnosis of AUD and OUD as well as seizures among AUD only or OUD only patients. This study utilized de-identified data from 30 777 928 hospital inpatient encounters at 948 healthcare systems over 4 years (9/1/2018-8/31/2022) from the Vizient ® Clinical Database for this study. Applying the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) diagnostic codes, AUD (1 953 575), OUD (768 982), and seizure (1 209 471) encounters were retrieved from the database to examine the effects of OUD on seizure incidence among AUD patients. This study also stratified patient encounters for demographic factors such as gender, age, and race, as well as the Vizient-categorized primary payer. Greatest gender differences were identified among AUD followed by OUD, and seizure patient groups. The mean age for seizure incidents was 57.6 years, while that of AUD was 54.7 years, and OUD 48.9 years. The greatest proportion of patients in all 3 groups were White, followed by Black, with Medicare being the most common primary payer in all 3 categories. Seizure incidents were statistically more common ( P  < .001, chi-square) in patients with a dual diagnosis of AUD and OUD (8.07%) compared to those with AUD only (7.55%). The patients with the dual diagnosis had a higher odd ratio than those with AUD only or OUD only. These findings across more than 900 health systems provide a greater understanding of seizure risks. Consequently, this information may help in triaging AUD and OUD patients in certain higher-risk demographic groups

    Seek for Studying in International Communication to Develop Universal citizenship —3—

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    広島大学附属三原幼稚園・小学校・中学校(以下本学園)が掲げている「三原学園プラン」の特質の第1として挙げている21世紀型学力の1つが, 国際的コミュニケーション能力である。本学園では, この国際的コミュニケーション能力を「確かな語学力を基に, 様々なメディアを駆使して多文化を理解したり, 人々と国際的にコミュニケーションしたりする力」と定義している。この力を育む研究を進めるために, 2006年度から新たに国際コミュニケーション学習開発部会(以下本部会)を立ち上げた。2006年度から国際コミュニケーション科を設立し, 本部会が中心となって題材開発とカリキュラム開発を進めてきた。本稿では, 国際コミュニケーション学習の目標, めざす子どもの姿, 研究の方法と保育・授業実践を示している。また, 国際コミュニケーション科で育った子どもたちの姿を幼稚園から中学校までの事例をあげるとともに, 6年間に及ぶ研究のまとめをも提言している
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