Utilization of waste hydraulic oil as fuel in diesel engine

Production of alternative diesel fuel has been increasing drastically in many Asian countries. Since the reduction of petroleum production by Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), the research on alternative fuel for diesel engine has gain interest. The target of this project is to substitute some percentage usage of conventional diesel fuel with waste substance without compromising on engine performance and exhaust emissions. This study has produced two type of alternative fuels. A test fuel consisting 30% of water into diesel fuel with the existence of additive or emulsifier (span 80) is called as DW Emul. Another test fuel which is named as DHW Emul produced by blending 30% of water into a mixture consisting of 20% of waste hydraulic oil and 80% of diesel fuel with the existence of span 80. The engine performance and exhaust emissions of DW Emul and DHW Emul are measured and has been compared with the conventional diesel fuel. A 600cc single cylinder direct injection diesel engine was used. The experiment was conducted at 1500 rpm with variable engine loads. Results show that DHW Emul and DW Emul has higher brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). However, by considering the total use of diesel fuel contained in DW Emul, the quantity was lower at all loads. The same goes for DHW Emul at low load but deteriorate at high load which show slightly higher compared with of using 100% conventional diesel fuel. DHW Emul has suppressed CO emission that is usually high of using emulsion fuel to the level similar to conventional diesel fuel. NOx and Smoke emissions for DHW Emul are lower than conventional diesel. The use of DHW Emul can give significant reduction of NOx and Smoke emissions without deterioration of CO emission

Production of Aquatic Organism Cultivation Kit and Its Development in STEAM Education

中学校技術科における水産生物の栽培では，実習的な活動はほとんど実施されていない。知識だけの習得で，思考を深めることは難しい。実社会での問題発見や解決を科目横断的に進めるSTEAM教育により，思考を抽象化させる必要があると考える。本研究では，はじめに「水産生物栽培キット」を設計・製作し，中学校技術科での教材としての適性を確かめた。次に，水産生物栽培キットをSTEAM教育へ展開するため，ファンバブル発生ノズルを水産生物栽培キットに設置し，ファインバブルがゼブラフィッシュの成長に及ぼす影響を調べた。その結果，水産生物栽培キットは中学校技術科の水産生物の栽培で，学習指導要領の取り扱い内容を満足する教材として使用できることを確認した。また，ファインバブルによるゼブラフィッシュの成長促進や高品質化に関する優位性は確認できなかったが，ものづくりに関するテーマは，STEAM教育に寄与する可能性が高いことを明らかにした

Utilization of palm acid oil for a diffusion combustion burner as fuel and nitrogen oxides reduction by the thermally decomposed hydrocarbons

Palm acid oil (PAO) is considered to be a possible renewable energy. PAO-diesel mixed fuel can keep PAO deposition temperature low, which makes it easy to use as the burner fuel at low risk. However, the use of PAO for combustion fuel and its emission characteristics have not been reported. This study is focused on utilizing PAO as a burner combustion fuel and on finding its emission characteristics including the cause of NO reduction in the burner by PAO. The mixed fuels are prepared and PAO precipitations in the mixed fuel are evaluated. After that, the burner tests were performed. Finally, the cause of the NO reduction in the burner is investigated with a flow reactor. The results show that chemical regents and ultrasound make PAO particle smaller and control a part of PAO deposition. In the burner, 20wt.% PAO having relatively low free fatty acid (LFFA) fuels reduce NOx by up to 30% while keeping high temperature. In the reactor, NO is reduced not only 60% by diesel but also 75~80% by the PAO (LFFA) at equivalence ratio (f) =2.63. This study demonstrates that the PAO has potential for NO reduction though complete PAO deposition control is difficult

An investigation into the relationship between the formation of thermal cracked components and PM reduction during diesel combustion using water emulsified fuel

Water-in-diesel emulsion fuel (W/O) operated in diesel engines, shows a significant reduction of particulate matter (PM). In this paper, PM reduction characteristics by thermal decomposition of W/O10 and W/O20 (10vol.% and 20vol.% of water in W/O respectively) are identified in diesel combustion atmosphere using a plug flow reactor with a co-flow diffusion burner. To analyze initial thermal decomposition at diesel diffusion combustion, the W/O fuels are thermally decomposed in the plug flow reactor first, then the thermally decomposed W/O fuels are introduced into a co-flow diffusion burner as fuel and PM are generated. In high temperature atmosphere without oxygen in the reactor, W/O10 and W/O20 are thermally decomposed and both of them almost produce light hydrocarbons (LHCs) higher than a diesel fuel, which means thermal decomposition before combustion are encouraged by the W/O. Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) method shows that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are produced by both W/O fuels and diesel fuel during the thermal decomposition period but some W/O fuels oxidize a huge amount of PAHs in the later diffusion combustion. CO, CO2 measurements after the combustion of the thermal decomposed substances in the diffusion burner via high temperature reactor reveal that diffusion combustion of W/O fuels contribute to Soluble Organic Fraction (SOF) and Solid reduction which leads to reduction of CO and increase of CO2 respectively

Combustion performance and exhaust emissions fuelled with non-surfactant water-in-diesel emulsion fuel made from different water sources

Non-surfactant water-in-diesel emulsion fuel (NWD) is an alternative fuel that has the potential to reduce major exhaust emissions while simultaneously improving the combustion performance of a diesel engine. NWD comprises of diesel fuel and water (about 5% in volume) without any additional surfactants. This emulsion fuel is produced through an in-line mixing system that is installed very close to the diesel engine. This study focuses mainly on the performance and emission of diesel engine fuelled with NWD made from different water sources. The engine used in this study is a direct injection diesel engine with loads varying from 1 to 4 kW. The result shows that NWD made from tap water helps the engine to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) by 32%. Rainwater reduced it by 29% and seawater by 19%. In addition, all NWDs show significant improvements in engine performance as compared to diesel fuel, especially in the specific fuel consumption that indicates an average reduction of 6%. It is observed that all NWDs show compelling positive effects on engine performance, which is caused by the optimum water droplet size inside NWD