Dual chiral density waves in nuclear matter

We study inhomogeneous chiral phases in nuclear matter using a hadronic model with the parity doublet structure. With an extended ansatz for the dual chiral density wave off the chiral limit, we numerically determine the phase structure. A new type of dual chiral density wave where the condensate has nonvanishing space average is confirmed and it comes to occupy a wide range of low density region as the chiral invariant mass parameter is lowered.Comment: 7 pages, 5 eps figures, contribution to "QCD@Work 2018", International Workshop on QCD Theory and Experiment. 25-28 June 2018, Matera, Ital

Two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation for synchronization in coupled density oscillators

A density oscillator is a fluid system in which oscillatory flow occurs between different density fluids through the pore connecting them. We investigate the synchronization in coupled density oscillators using two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation and analyze the stability of the synchronous state based on the phase reduction theory. Our results show that the anti-phase, three-phase, and 2-2 partial-in-phase synchronization modes spontaneously appear as stable states in two, three, and four coupled oscillators, respectively. The phase dynamics of coupled density oscillators is interpreted with their sufficiently large first Fourier components of the phase coupling function.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure

Experimental study on the bifurcation of a density oscillator depending on density difference

Hydrodynamic instabilities often cause spatio-temporal pattern formations and transitions between them. We investigate a model experimental system, a density oscillator, where the bifurcation from a resting state to an oscillatory state is triggered by the increase in the density difference of the two fluids. Our results show that the oscillation amplitude increases from zero and the period decreases above a critical density difference. The detailed data close to the bifurcation point provide a critical exponent consistent with the supercritical Hopf bifurcation.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure

Transient Crystal Structure of Oscillating Quartz

Piezoelectric quartz oscillators are widely used to provide a stable clock signal for watches and other electric circuits. The electrically induced mechanical vibration of quartz will be caused by ionic displacements of cationic Si and anionic O sublattices against each other. However, the transient and small ionic displacements during the mechanical vibration cannot be observed by usual X-ray structure analysis. The electrically induced mechanical vibration of quartz is resonantly amplified under an alternating electric field with the resonant frequency. We have revealed the amplified lattice strain and ionic displacements in a resonantly vibrating quartz crystal under an alternating electric field by time-resolved X-ray diffraction. The details of the experiment and application of the technique to other piezoelectric oscillators are introduced in this chapter

Concept and development of solid state ionic capacitors

Development of a new energy storage device that can replace lithium ion batteries is one of the most important subjects for the future of human. Capacitors have an advantage over batteries with respect to the endurance for charge - discharge recycling. Electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) has been used for some applications but they are still restricted because of relatively low energy density of EDLC in comparison with lithium ion battery and the leakage of liquid electrolyte from packages. Another issue on capacitors is the limit of capacitance density of multi-layered ceramic capacitors (MLCCs). MLCCs are currently used for many electronic devices. The capacitance density of MLCC has been increased one million times by reducing thickness of dielectric layer down to 1 micron in 40 years. However, very serious problem that restricts the capacitance density of MLCC has come up in these 5 years. The problem is known as the size effect barium titanate where dielectric constant of barium titanate somehow decreases with the size of grains sin ceramics. Those problems can be solved if we can make new solid state capacitors with very high capacitance and energy density. We have been studying new concept of solid state ionic capacitors where long-range ionic motion is use for interfacial polarization. Solid state lithium ion conductors are used for dielectrics. Accumulation of huge amount of charge was observed in charge-discharge cycle of capacitors. A composite of strontium titanate and solid state lithium ion conductor was prepared to confirm a new concept of MLCC material using interfacial polarization

Application of Fenton reaction for nanomolar determination of hydrogen peroxide in seawater

A simple and sensitive method for the determination of nanomolar levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in seawater has been developed and validated. This method is based on the reduction of H2O2 by ferrous iron in acid solution to yield hydroxyl radical (•OH) which reacts with benzene to produce phenol. Phenol is separated from the reaction mixture by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography and its fluorescence intensity signals were measured at excitation and emission of 270 and 298 nm, respectively. Under optimum conditions, the calibration curve exhibited linearity in the range of (0–50) × 103 nmol L−1 H2O2. The relative standard deviations for five replicate measurements of 500 and 50 nmol L−1 H2O2 are 1.9 and 2.4%, respectively. The detection limit for H2O2, defined as three times the standard deviation of the lowest standard solution (5 nmol L−1 H2O2) in seawater is 4 nmol L−1. Interference of nitrite ion (NO2−) on the fluorescence intensity of phenol was also investigated. The result indicated that the addition of 10mol L−1 NO2− to seawater samples showed no significant interference, although, the addition of 50mol L−1 NO2 − to the seawater samples decreases the fluorescence intensity signals of phenol by almost 40%. Intercomparison of this method with well-accepted (p-hydroxyphenyl) acetic acid (POHPAA)-FIA method shows excellent agreement. The proposed method has been applied on-board analysis of H2O2 in Seto Inland seawater samples

Activity-dependent oligodendrocyte calcium dynamics and their changes in Alzheimer’s disease

Oligodendrocytes (OCs) form myelin around axons, which is dependent on neuronal activity. This activity-dependent myelination plays a crucial role in training and learning. Previous studies have suggested that neuronal activity regulates proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and myelination. In addition, deficient activity-dependent myelination results in impaired motor learning. However, the functional response of OC responsible for neuronal activity and their pathological changes is not fully elucidated. In this research, we aimed to understand the activity-dependent OC responses and their different properties by observing OCs using in vivo two-photon microscopy. We clarified that the Ca2+ activity in OCs is neuronal activity dependent and differentially regulated by neurotransmitters such as glutamate or adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Furthermore, in 5-month-old mice models of Alzheimer’s disease, a period before the appearance of behavioral abnormalities, the elevated Ca2+ responses in OCs are ATP dependent, suggesting that OCs receive ATP from damaged tissue. We anticipate that our research will help in determining the correct therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases beyond the synapse