281 research outputs found
Juan M. Hernandez-Campoy and J. Camilo Conde-Silvestere, eds. : The Handbook of Historical Sociolinguistics. <Book review>
Suzanne Romaine ã¯èæžSocio-Historical Linguistics: Its Status andMethodology (1982)ã«ãããŠ,瀟äŒèšèªåŠçã¢ãã«ãæŽå²çããŒã¿ã«åœãŠã¯ãããšããé©æ°çãªç 究ææãçºè¡šããããã®åŸ,30幎ã®éã«,ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã«ããããŒã¿åŠçãçŸã,ãžã£ã³ã«,æ¹èš,æžãæ,ãããŠæ¥ä»ãªã©ãè¡šãèšå€§ãªæŽå²çã³ãŒãã¹ãç·šçºãã,ããŒã¿ãæççã§ãããšããæ¬åéã«ãããåé¡ã解æ¶ããããRomaineã®ç 究ãã30幎ãã£ãä»,ãã®ãã³ãããã¯ã¯,æŽå²ç€ŸäŒèšèªåŠãšããåŠååéã®å匷ããç«èšŒãããã®ã§ãããåœéçã«èåã§ããæçš¿è
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Humidification of Base Flow Gas during Adult High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation:An Experimental Study Using a Lung Model
In adult high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) with an R100 artificial ventilator, exhaled gas from patientÊŒs lung may warm the temperature probe and thereby disturb the humidification of base flow (BF) gas. We measured the humidity of BF gas during HFOV with frequencies of 6, 8 and 10Hz, maximum stroke volumes (SV) of 285, 205, and 160ml at the respective frequencies, and, BFs of 20, 30, 40l/min using an original lung model. The R100 device was equipped with a heated humidifier, Hummaxâ
¡, consisting of a porous hollow fiber in circuit. A 50-cm length of circuit was added between temperature probe (located at 50cm proximal from Y-piece) and the hollow fiber. The lung model was made of a plastic container and a circuit equipped with another Hummaxâ
¡. The lung model temperature was controlled at 37â. The Hummaxâ
¡ of the R100 was inactivated in study-1 and was set at 35â or 37â in study-2. The humidity was measured at the distal end of the added circuit in study-1 and at the proximal end in study-2. In study-1, humidity was detected at 6Hz (SV 285ml) and BF 20l/min, indicating the direct reach of the exhaled gas from the lung model to the temperature probe. In study-2 the absolute humidity of the BF gas decreased by increasing SV and by increasing BF and it was low with setting of 35â. In this study setting, increasing the SV induced significant reduction of humidification of the BF gas during HFOV with R100
Capillary Electrophoretic Characterization of Carbon Nanodots Prepared from Glutamic Acid in an Electric Furnace
Carbon nanodots (CNDs) prepared from glutamic acid or glutathione in an electric furnace were characterized by capillary electrophoresis. Two major peaks were detected in the electropherograms by capillary zone electrophoresis, corresponding to anionic and less-charged CNDs. The effective electrophoretic mobility of the anionic CND formed from glutamic acid was almost identical over neutral to weakly alkaline pH range, and the CND would not contain significant amount of amino group. On the other hand, the effective electrophoretic mobility tended to decrease with decreasing pH at weakly acidic pH conditions, suggesting the functional groups of carboxylate moiety on the anionic CNDs. Dodecyl sulfate ion was added in the separation buffer to give anionic charge to the less-charged CND by adsorption. However, the anionic charge induced was little, and the dodecyl sulfate ion was not likely adsorbed on the less-charged CND and the CND would be hydrophilic
Sliding mode control with disturbance estimation for underwater robot.
This paper proposes a sliding mode control with a disturbance estimation for an underwater robot. The mobility performance of an underwater robot is influenced by modeling error, observation noise, and several disturbances such as ocean current and tidal current. Therefore, a robust control system is needed for precise motion control of an underwater robot. This paper uses a sliding mode control, which is one of the robust control methods. In a sliding mode control, chattering tends to occur, if the switching gain is set to a high value. On the other hand, it is desirable to set the switching gain high from the viewpoint of robustness. Therefore, there is a trade-off between the switching gain and robustness. In the proposed method, the disturbance is estimated in real-time, and this estimated value is added to the control input. Most of the disturbances are compensated by this estimated value, and the sliding mode control is used for the rest of the disturbances. As a result, the robust control system is achieved by using the proposed method, even if the switching gain is set to a low value. The validity of the proposed method was confirmed from the simulation and experimental results
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