Higher Dimensional Self-similar Spherical Symmetric Scalar Field Collapse and Critical Phenomena in Black Hole Formation

The higher dimensional spherical symmetric scalar field collapse problem is studied in the light of the critical behavior in black hole formation. To make the analysis tractable, the self similarity is also imposed. By giving a new view to the self-similar scalar field collapse problem, we give the general formula for the critical exponents in higher dimensions. In the process, the explanation of the universality of the critical phenomena is given within the self-similar context.Comment: 14 pages, 3 Postscript figures, uses LaTe

The impact of mobile amusement information on use behavior, satisfaction, and loyalty

The relationship between satisfaction and loyalty has been well explored in services marketing or customer relationship management. In this study, the authors studied the relationship of 7 types of service variables under “amusement” factor. Amusement is one of the three factors extracted from 21 mobile information services. Among many different frameworks of satisfaction-loyalty, we used the framework of “past use behavior” on “satisfaction”, and then of “satisfaction” on “continued use intention” (or loyalty), resulting in a strong support of the existing model with positive significant influence on the both paths. Further, our research reveals that, on the both paths, there are stronger, significant positive relationships between a latent variable and the measurement variables for mobile information services with stronger amusement elements than those with other ones. The results lead to useful implications that amusement is a crucial dimension in mobile information services, not only in use motivation, but also on behavior, satisfaction, and continued use intention

Comment on Entropy in Two-dimensional Dilaton Gravity

The thermodynamic second law in the evaporating black hole space-time is examined in the context of two-dimensional dilaton black hole. The dynamical evolution of entropy is investigated by using the analytical perturbation method and the numerical method. It is shown that the thermodynamic second law holds in the vicinity of infalling shell %analytically and in the region far from the infalling shell %numerically in the case of semi-classical CGHS model. The analysis of the general models is also presented and its implication is discussed.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures (appended as eps files), uses LaTe

IHTC14-22439 FLOW CHARACTERISTICS AND STRUCTURES OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL UNSTEADY THERMAL CONVECTION IN A CONTAINER

ABSTRACT In this study, we numerically investigates the flow and thermal characteristics of the three-dimensional thermal convection in a cubic cavity heated below in the gravitational field, concerning about spatially-averaged kinetic energy K , Nusselt number Nu and flow structure. We assume Prandtl number Pr = 7.1 (water) and Rayleigh number Ra = 1.0×10 4 -3.5×10 5 . As a result, we have specified two of three important values of the Rayleigh number which demarcate different flow bifurcations and are referred to as the second and third critical Rayleigh numbers Ra c2 and Ra c3 . We have found that Ra c2 and Ra c3 are roughly 2.6×10 5 and 3.1×10 5 , respectively. We have observed a histerisis effect upon the value of Ra c2 with chaotic behaviour at c2 Ra Ra ≈ , and revealed flow structures. In addition, we investigate the relationship between Ra and the oscillatory-convection frequency. The increasing rate of the mean K with increasing Ra shows a different manner from that of Nu inflow-ave, mean . That is, the former is progressive and the latter is asymptotic, as Ra increases. Both the values of mean K and Nu inflow-ave, mean in oscillatory flow tend to be smaller than those in steady flow, respectively. Then, there exist small jumps/drops of mean K and Nu inflow-ave, mean at Ra = Ra c2

CP and T violation test in neutrino oscillation

We examine how large violation of CP and T is allowed in long base line neutrino experiments. When we attribute only the atmospheric neutrino anomaly to neutrino oscillation we may have large CP violation effect. When we attribute both the atmospheric neutrino anomaly and the solar neutrino deficit to neutrino oscillation we may have a sizable T violation effect proportional to the ratio of two mass differences; it is difficult to see CP violation since we can't ignore the matter effect. We give a simple expression for T violation in the presence of matter.Comment: 12 pages + 2 eps figures, Latex, In order to avoid misunderstanding we have refined our English and rewritten the parts which might be misleading. Several typographical errors are correcte

CP Violation and Matter Effect in Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Experiments

We show simple methods how to separate pure CP violating effect from matter effect in long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments with three generations of neutrinos. We give compact formulae for neutrino oscillation probabilities assuming one of the three neutrino masses (presumably tau-neutrino mass) to be much larger than the other masses and the effective mass due to matter effect. Two methods are shown: One is to observe envelopes of the curves of oscillation probabilities as functions of neutrino energy; a merit of this method is that only a single detector is enough to determine the presence of CP violation. The other is to compare experiments with at least two different baseline lengths; this has a merit that it needs only narrow energy range of oscillation data.Comment: 17 pages + 9 eps figures, LaTeX, errors are correcte

Flavor mixing in the gluino coupling and the nucleon decay

Flavor mixing in the quark-squark-gluino coupling is studied for the minimal SU(5) SUGRA-GUT model and applied to evaluation of the nucleon lifetime. All off-diagonal (generation mixing) elements of Yukawa coupling matrices and of squark/slepton mass matrices are included in solving numerically one-loop renormalization group equations for MSSM parameters, and the parameter region consistent with the radiative electroweak symmetry breaking condition is searched. It is shown that the flavor mixing in the gluino coupling for a large $\tan\beta$ is of the same order of magnitude as the corresponding Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element in both up-type and down-type sector. There exist parameter regions where the nucleon decay amplitudes for charged lepton modes are dominated by the gluino dressing process, while for all the examined regions the neutrino mode amplitudes are dominated by the wino dressing over the gluino dressing.Comment: 24 pages, LaTeX, figures are available upon request. ICRR-Report-317-94-1

Tokyo Guidelines 2018 management bundles for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis

Management bundles that define items or procedures strongly recommended in clinical practice have been used in many guidelines in recent years. Application of these bundles facilitates the adaptation of guidelines and helps improve the prognosis of target diseases. In Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13), we proposed management bundles for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. Here, in Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18), we redefine the management bundles for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. Critical parts of the bundles in TG18 include the diagnostic process, severity assessment, transfer of patients if necessary, and therapeutic approach at each time point. Observance of these items and procedures should improve the prognosis of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. Studies are now needed to evaluate the dissemination of these TG18 bundles and their effectiveness. Free full articles and mobile app of TG18 are available at: . Related clinical questions and references are also include

Tokyo Guidelines 2018: initial management of acute biliary infection and flowchart for acute cholangitis

The initial management of patients with suspected acute biliary infection starts with the measurement of vital signs to assess whether or not the situation is urgent. If the case is judged to be urgent, initial medical treatment should be started immediately including respiratory/circulatory management if required, without waiting for a definitive diagnosis. The patient's medical history is then taken; an abdominal examination is performed; blood tests, urinalysis, and diagnostic imaging are carried out; and a diagnosis is made using the diagnostic criteria for cholangitis/cholecystitis. Once the diagnosis has been confirmed, initial medical treatment should be started immediately, severity should be assessed according to the severity grading criteria for acute cholangitis/cholecystitis, and the patient's general status should be evaluated. For mild acute cholangitis, in most cases initial treatment including antibiotics is sufficient, and most patients do not require biliary drainage. However, biliary drainage should be considered if a patient does not respond to initial treatment. For moderate acute cholangitis, early endoscopic or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage is indicated. If the underlying etiology requires treatment, this should be provided after the patient's general condition has improved; endoscopic sphincterotomy and subsequent choledocholithotomy may be performed together with biliary drainage. For severe acute cholangitis, appropriate respiratory/circulatory management is required. Biliary drainage should be performed as soon as possible after the patient's general condition has been improved by initial treatment and respiratory/circulatory management. Free full articles and mobile app of TG18 are available at: http://www.jshbps.jp/modules/en/index.php?content_id=47 . Related clinical questions and references are also include