How Should Happiness Guide Policy? Why Gross National Happiness is not opposed to Democracy

Gross National Happiness (GNH) as a political program carries with it the ambition to make a difference to real policy decisions. Whatever the precise understanding of GNH, it was al-ways intended to be more than a purely theoretical concept and to make a direct difference to policy making and, what is more, to actual development paths. Yet, whatever policy recom

Putting Gross National Happiness in the Service of Good Development

Gross National Happiness (GNH) has only recently appeared on the international stage, yet it was immediately met with sympathy by scholars, political activists, and politicians around the world. What is the reason for this strong appeal of this concept

Numerical Evidence Invalidating Finite-Temperature Many-Body Perturbation Theory

Low-order perturbation corrections to the electronic grand potential, internal energy, chemical potential, and entropy of a gas of noninteracting, identical molecules at a nonzero temperature are determined numerically as the $\lambda$-derivatives of the respective quantity calculated exactly (by thermal full configuration interaction) with a perturbation-scaled Hamiltonian, $\hat{H}_0 + \lambda\hat{V}$. The data thus obtained from the core definition of any perturbation theory serve as a benchmark against which analytical formulas can be validated. The first- and second-order corrections from finite-temperature many-body perturbation theory disagree with these benchmark data. This is because the theory neglects the variation of chemical potential with $\lambda$, thereby failing to converge at the exact, full-interaction ($\lambda=1$) limit, unless the exact chemical potential is known in advance. The renormalized finite-temperature perturbation theory [S. Hirata and X. He, J. Chem. Phys., 138, 204112 (2013)] is also found to be incorrect

Permselectivity of the glomerular wall examined with iron compound tracer

Rat kidney endothelial cell morphology was examined after introducing iron colloid particles of positive or negative charge to investigate the relationship between the electric charge and permeation through the glomerular capillary. The kidneys were first perfused with Hanks' solution through the renal arteries and then with iron colloid particles of positive or negative charge. The iron colloid particles of positive charge were prepared with ferric chloride and cacodylate solutions, and the negative particles were prepared with iron chondroitin sulfate colloid particles. The iron colloid particles of positive charge adhered to the surface of endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries, as well as the arterioles, capillaries and venules. Some particles were taken up by pinocytosis, accumulated in the glomerular basement membrane and appeared in the urinary spaces passing through the filtration slits of podocytes. Iron colloid particles of negative charge neither adhered to the endothelial cells nor were taken by the cells. They did not permeate into the urinary spaces. Permeation into the tubular lumen through the peritubular venules was not observed with particles of positive or negative charge.</p

Pressure dependence of diffusion coefficient and orientational relaxation time for acetonitrile and methanol in water: DRISM/mode-coupling study

We present results of theoretical description and numerical calculation of the dynamics of molecular liquids based on the Reference Interaction Site Model / Mode-Coupling Theory. They include the temperature-pressure(density) dependence of the translational diffusion coefficients and orientational relaxation times for acetonitrile and methanol in water at infinite dilution. Anomalous behavior, i.e. the increase in mobility with density, is observed for the orientational relaxation time of methanol, while acetonitrile does not show any deviations from the usual. This effect is in qualitative agreement with the recent data of MD simulation and with experimental measurements, which tells us that presented theory is a good candidate to explain such kind of anomalies from the microscopical point of view and with the connection to the structure of the molecules.Comment: 10 pages, 2 eps-figures, 3 table

Analytical Estimation of the Beam-Beam Interaction Limited Dynamic Apertures and Lifetimes in e^+e^- Circular Colliders

Physically speaking, the delta function like beam-beam nonlinear forces at interaction points (IPs) act as a sum of delta function nonlinear multipoles. By applying the general theory established in ref. 1, in this paper we investigate analytically the beam-beam interaction limited dynamic apertures and the corresponding beam lifetimes for both the round and the flat beams. Relations between the beam-beam limited beam lifetimes and the beam-beam tune shifts are established, which show clearly why experimentally one has always a maximum beam-beam tune shift, \xi_{y, max}, around 0.045 for e-^+e$^- circular colliders, and why one can use round beams to double this value approximately. Comparisons with some machine parameters are given. Finally, we discuss the mechanism of the luminosity reduction due to a definite collision crossing angle.Comment: 25 page

Solar Neutrino Data, Solar Model Uncertainties and Neutrino Oscillations

We incorporate all existing solar neutrino flux measurements and take solar model flux uncertainties into account in deriving global fits to parameter space for the MSW and vacuum solutions of the solar neutrino problem.Comment: 10 pages, latex, 3 figures (not included