Spherical designs and modular forms of the D4D_4 lattice

In this paper, we study shells of the $D_4$ lattice with a slightly general concept of spherical $t$-designs due to Delsarte-Goethals-Seidel, namely, the spherical design of harmonic index $T$ (spherical $T$-design for short) introduced by Delsarte-Seidel. We first observe that the $2m$-shell of $D_4$ is an antipodal spherical $\{10,4,2\}$-design on the three dimensional sphere. We then prove that the $2$-shell, which is the $D_4$ root system, is tight $\{10,4,2\}$-design, using the linear programming method. The uniqueness of the $D_4$ root system as an antipodal spherical $\{10,4,2\}$-design with 24 points is shown. We give two applications of the uniqueness: a decomposition of the shells of the $D_4$ lattice in terms of orthogonal transformations of the $D_4$ root system: and the uniqueness of the $D_4$ lattice as an even integral lattice of level 2 in the four dimensional Euclidean space. We also reveal a connection between the harmonic strength of the shells of the $D_4$ lattice and non-vanishing of the Fourier coefficient of a certain newforms of level 2. Motivated by this, congruence relations for the Fourier coefficients are discussed

日本人男性における携帯式尿流量計(P-Flowdiary®)を用いた排尿量/尿流量に関する年齢階層別ノモグラムの作成

Background: To develop a nomogram of urinary volume and flow based on the data of Japanese men without lower urinary tract symptoms and multiple flows per participant whose characteristics were clear. Methods: Overall, 101 Japanese male volunteers without lower urinary tract symptoms aged between 20 and 59 years were enrolled. A portable uroflowmeter (P-Flowdiary®) was used to record urinary information (flow rate and volume) for 2 successive days. The model (quadratic, linear, or logarithmic regression) most fit for the relationship between maximum flow rate and voided volume was determined. The maximum flow rate at > 150 mL was compared among the 20-29-, 30-39-, 40-49-, and 50-59-year age groups. Nomograms appropriate for the age groups were created. Results: The mean age, International Prostate Symptom Score, and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score were 38.5 years, 0.42, and 0.24, respectively. The quadratic regression model was the most fit because its mean coefficient determination was 0.93 ± 0.06. The mean maximum flow rate was significantly lower in the 50-59-year age group (21.8 ± 5.05 mL/s, P < 0.01) than in the younger groups (24.14 ± 4.94, 24.05 ± 6.99, and 24.64 ± 5.72 mL/s). The 2 nomograms are Y = 28.99 {1 - exp(- 0.01 × X)} and Y = 25.67 {1 - exp(- 0.01 × X)} for the 20-49- and 50-59-year age groups, respectively. Conclusions: The nomogram can predict maximum flow rate based on voided volume in Japanese men aged 20-59 years without lower urinary tract symptoms.博士（医学）・甲第858号・令和4年12月22日© 2022. The Author(s). Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data

More efficient vaporization by the 200-W Thulium laser system than by the GreenLight high-performance system (HPS) 120-W system

Aim: We retrospectively compared and evaluated the safety, efficacy, and 1-year outcomes of 200-W Thulium laser vaporization of the prostate (ThuVAP) and the GreenLight high-performance system (HPS) 120-W system for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods: Between February 2019 and December 2021, 137 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to BPH underwent ThuVAP. Between October 2014 and April 2019, 233 patients underwent GreenLight HPS 120-W vaporization of the prostate (HPS-PVP). Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS), quality of life (QOL) scores, overactive bladder symptom scores (OABSS), post-void residual (PVR), and maximum flow rates (Qmax) were evaluated before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.Results: Mean ages in the ThuVAP and HPS-PVP groups were 73.7 and 73.4 years, respectively. Prostate volumes (PV) were 77.0 and 61.4 mL (P &lt; 0.001), respectively. Significant improvements were observed in IPSS, QOL scores, OABSS, Qmax, and PVR in both groups 1 to 12 months after surgery. Laser and hospitalization times were significantly shorter and approximate tissue removal (ΔPV) was significantly larger in the ThuVAP group than in the HPS-PVP group (means, 49.4 min vs. 62.5 min, P &lt; 0.001, means, 4.9 days vs. 5.4 days, P = 0.007, means, 50.4 mLvs. 27.8 mL, P &lt; 0.001, respectively). Vaporization efficiency (ΔPV/laser time) was &gt; 2-fold higher in the ThuVAP group than in the HPS-PVP group (1.1 mL/min vs. 0.5 mL/min). There were significantly fewer postoperative complications in the ThuVAP group than in the HPS-PVP group (13.9% vs. 23.6%, P = 0.030).Conclusion: Both procedures are safe and useful for BPH obstruction. Based on shorter operating and hospitalization times, fewer complications, and more efficient tissue removal, ThuVAP is a more favorable and effective treatment than HPS-PVP

Effects of aging and exercise training on the common carotid blood velocities in healthy men

An age-related alteration in the cardiovascular response to exercise training are evident. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of exercise and age on blood velocities in common carotid artery in 82 healthy men between the age ranges of 21 to 67 years old. Blood velocities are characterized to five components of velocity waveforms as peak systolic (S1), second systolic (S2), incisura between systole and diastole (I), peak diastolic (D) and end-diastolic velocity wave (d). Decrease of blood velocities in peak systolic (r= -0.711, P<0.0001) and in peak diastolic velocities (r= -0.521, P<0.0001) with aging are improved and partially restore in particularly older men. The velocity ratio of S2/S2-1 as a reflection index increase with age (r= 0.797, P<0.0001), however is smaller in exercise-trained older compared with sedentary peers. The ratio of 1-I/D as a vascular elastic recoil index decrease with aging (r= -0.640, P<.0001), but is relatively higher in exercise-trained men. Exercise training improves the age-related deterioration in blood velocities and its indices in healthy men. In the further investigations, the assessment of aerobic fitness and vascular aging has potential by using the criteria of peak systolic and peak diastolic, and its indices

Effect of gender on blood flow velocities and blood pressure: role of body weight and height

Aging and gender alter arterial hemodynamic function. Gender-related differences in body size may affect the arterial hemodynamics such as systolic blood pressure, wave reflection and pressure wave propagation. To assess the possibility that the differences of carotid blood velocities and brachial blood pressure in women are related to body size, we investigated the arterial hemodynamics in 50 healthy young adults (30 men, 20 women) between the age ranges of 20 to 29 years old. Blood velocities are characterized to 5 components of velocity waveforms as peak systolic (S1), second systolic (S2), incisura between systole and diastole (I), peak diastolic (D) and end-diastolic velocity wave (d). As the most pronounced systolic blood pressure is lower in young women than men (P0.0001), but also the decrease of peripheral vascular resistive index (RI) and arterial vascular elastic recoil index (r= 0.463, P<0.0001; r= 0.481, P<0.0001, respectively). In conclusion, body size influences blood pressure and velocity regulations in the young population

Changes in the common carotid blood velocity waveform for exercise training

We investigated the common carotid artery (CCA) blood flow velocity in 5 healthy sedentary subjects using continuous wave (CW) Doppler ultrasound velocimeter which developed in our laboratory. The present study aimed to investigate non-invasively the effects of a short-term 4 week aerobic training program on the resting CCA blood velocity waveforms and heart rate. The CCA blood velocities were measured for 3 minutes at resting sitting posture with synchronized measurement of electrocardiogram (ECG) and brachial blood pressure (BP). Training exercise significantly enhanced all blood velocity waveforms with decreasing of heart rate. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) changed with training in the young sedentary subjects, but there is not significant change in diastolic and its mean blood pressure. The evidence of improvement in training was reinforced by a significant reduction in peripheral vascular resistance and improvement in vagal function. We conclude that short-term training improves cardiovascular and autonomic function in these subjects, and training effect may be simply evaluated using the non-invasive measurement system of blood velocity in CCA

Measurement and analysis of carotid blood flow and ECG in cardiac

Dynamics of blood flow in vivo vary with cardiovascular disease. To examine dynamics change of blood flow is useful in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. This study is aimed to investigate the common carotid blood velocity (CCBV) in the cardiac patients. It was performed in 14 cardiac patients (mean ± SD age 68.5 ± 8.3) and 8 healthy subjects as control (age 22.8 ± 1.6). The variations of CCBV were measured using a telemetry blood flow velocimeter system in real time display that was completely developed in our laboratory. This measurement system is based on continuous wave (CW) Doppler ultrasound using two transducers which one is for transmitting and the other one is for receiving. In the report, data were measured for 90 seconds at the rest sitting posture with synchronized measurement of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. Electromechanical delay (Δt) between ECG signal and CCBV were measured from time of R-wave (Tr) to time of the peak systolic blood velocity (T1). The Δt was 0.169 ± 0.008 s in the healthy subjects. While, the Δt was 0.131 ± 0.016 s in the hypertensive. The delay decreased relatively in the hypertensive. It was coincided with decreases of the magnitude of the peak of diastolic velocities. Furthermore, an acceleration index (AI) and a peak systolic velocity (S1) had correlation in the cardiac patient. The value of AI and S1 decreased particularly. The results suggest that the Δt is affected by arterial properties that may be related to arteriosclerosis