Four-dimensional CP1+^1+ U(1) lattice gauge theory for 3D antiferromagnets: Phase structure, gauge bosons and spin liquid

In this paper we study the lattice CP$^1$ model in (3+1) dimensions coupled with a dynamical compact U(1) gauge field. This model is an effective field theory of the $s={1 \over 2}$ antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin model in three spatial dimensions. By means of Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate its phase structure. There exist the Higgs, Coulomb and confinement phases, and the parameter regions of these phases are clarified. We also measure magnetization of O(3) spins, energy gap of spin excitations, and mass of gauge boson. Then we discuss the relationship between these three phases and magnetic properties of the high-$T_{\rm c}$ cuprates, in particular the possibility of deconfined-spinon phase. Effect of dimer-like spin exchange coupling and ring-exchange coupling is also studied.Comment: 4pages, 10 figure

Isolation and Biosynthesis of an Azoxyalkene Compound Produced by a Multiple Gene Disruptant of Streptomyces rochei

Streptomyces rochei 7434AN4 predominantly produces lankacidin and lankamycin under normal culture conditions, suggesting that other biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites are silent. To exploit silent metabolites of strain 7434AN4, we constructed mutant KA57, a multiple disruptant of the transcriptional repressor gene srrB together with the biosynthesis genes for both antibiotics. Mutant KA57 accumulated a compound (KA57-A) with a strong UV absorption at 235 nm, which was not detected in the parent strain or other mutants. Various spectroscopic analyses revealed that KA57-A is an azoxyalkene compound of a molecular formula of C10H20N2O3 with the R configuration at C-2. Biosynthesis of KA57-A was also studied by feeding with labeled acetates, amino acids, and 1-hexylamine. The hexenyl moiety (C1’-C6’) was derived from fatty acid, while the 3-amino-butan-1,2-diol moiety (C1-C4) was derived from C-2 of acetate (C1) and serine (C2-C4). Incorporation of [1,1-2H2]1-hexylamine indicated that C1’-C2’ dehydrogenation occurs at the final step of biosynthesis.アクセプト後にアブストラクト等変更あり。This work was supported by a Grants‐in‐Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT), and a Noda Institute for Scientific Research Grant.Supporting information for this articleis available on the WWW under http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbic.201500393

Novel reconstruction technique for New Physics processes with initial state radiation

At hadron colliders, the production of heavy new particles is associated with additional quarks and gluons with significant transeverse momentum. The additional jets complicates the reconstruction of new particle masses. Taking gluino pair production and decay at the Large Hadron Collider as an example, we develop a novel technique to reduce these effects, and to reconstruct a clear kinematical endpoint for the gluino decay products.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Cryopreservation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Dopaminergic Neurospheres for Clinical Application

[Background:] Pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons are an expected source of cell therapy for Parkinson’s disease. The transplantation of cell aggregates or neurospheres, instead of a single cell suspension has several advantages, such as keeping the 3D structure of the donor cells and ease of handling. For this PSC-based therapy to become a widely available treatment, cryopreservation of the final product is critical in the manufacturing process. However, cryopreserving cell aggregates is more complicated than cryopreserving single cell suspensions. Previous studies showed poor survival of the DA neurons after the transplantation of cryopreserved fetal ventral-mesencephalic tissues. [Objective:] To achieve the cryopreservation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived DA neurospheres toward clinical application. [Methods:] We cryopreserved iPSC-derived DA neurospheres in various clinically applicable cryopreservation media and freezing protocols and assessed viability and neurite extension. We evaluated the population and neuronal function of cryopreserved cells by the selected method in vitro. We also injected the cells into 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rats, and assessed their survival, maturation and function in vivo. [Results:] The iPSC-derived DA neurospheres cryopreserved by Proton Freezer in the cryopreservation medium Bambanker hRM (BBK) showed favorable viability after thawing and had equivalent expression of DA-specific markers, dopamine secretion, and electrophysiological activity as fresh spheres. When transplanted into 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, the cryopreserved cells survived and differentiated into mature DA neurons, resulting in improved abnormal rotational behavior. [Conclusion:] These results show that the combination of BBK and Proton Freezer is suitable for the cryopreservation of iPSC-derived DA neurospheres

Magnetic characterization change by solvents of magnetic nanoparticles in liquid-phase magnetic immunoassay

Liquid-phase magnetic immunoassay (MIA) using magnetic nano-particles (MNPs) has been studied as a more rapid method compared to optical methods for inspecting proteins and viruses. MIA can estimate the number of conjugated antibodies without being washed differently from conventional optical immunoassay. However, in the case of the liquid phase, it is considered that the magnetic properties of MNPs are affected by physical properties such as viscosity and impurity substances such as biological substances contained in the blood. In this study, the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) in buffer and serum solution was evaluated to reveal the effect of serum because the sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions in the serum dominate ion balance of blood. The measurement results of AC magnetic susceptibility and a dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed that the aggregation of MNPs was largely affected by the concentration of NaCl. This effect of the NaCl could be explained by shielding of the surface charge of MNPs by ions in the solution. Although the concentrations of NaCl in the buffer and serum solution were almost same, we found that MNPs were aggregated more in their size for those in the serum solution because of other impurities, such as proteins. These results suggest evaluation of effects of the contaminants in serum and optimization of polymer coatings of MNPs could be important factors to realize measurements of magnetic immunoassay with high accuracy. (C) 2019 Author(s)

De novo vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm after internal trapping of the contralateral vertebral artery

We present the case of a de novo vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm (VADA) after endovascular trapping of a ruptured VADA on the contralateral side. The first ruptured VADA involved the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, which was successfully treated by endovascular internal trapping using a stent. A follow-up study at 3 months revealed a de novo VADA on the contralateral side. The second VADA was successfully embolized using coils while normal arterial flow in the vertebral artery was preserved using a stent. Increased hemodynamic stress may cause the development of a de novo VADA on the contralateral side

Laser monitoring of dynamic behavior of magnetic nanoparticles in magnetic field gradient

Manipulation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) by an external magnetic field has been widely studied in the fields of biotechnology and medicine for collecting and/or reacting biomaterials in the solutions. Here, dynamic behaviors of MNP in solution under changing gradient magnetic field were investigated using our newly developed laser transmission system (LTS) with a variable magnetic field manipulator. The manipulator consists of a moving permanent magnet placed beside the optical cell filled with MNP solution. A laser beam was focused on the cell and the transmitted laser beam was detected by a silicon photodiode, so that the localized concentration of the MNP at the focused area could be evaluated by the intensity of transmitted laser beam. In this study, the LTS was applied to evaluate dynamic behaviors of MNP in serum solution. Dispersion and aggregation of MNP in the solution were evaluated. While time evolution of dispersion depends on the serum concentration, the behavior during aggregation by the magnetic field was independent of the serum concentration. A series of measurements for zeta-potentials, distributions of particle size, and magnetization distributions was carried out to understand this difference in the behavior. The results indicated that a Brownian motion was main force to distribute the MNP in the solution; on the other hand, the magnetic force to the MNP mainly affected the behavior during aggregation of the MNP in the solution

Wavefunction Analysis of STM Image: Surface Reconstruction of Organic Charge Transfer Salts

In this chapter, the wavefunction analysis is demonstrated, applied to the organic charge transfer salts composed of electron donor and electron acceptor molecules. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of the surface donor layers in the three charge transfer salts, α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3, β-(BEDT-TTF)2I3, and (EDO-TTF)2PF6, are analyzed with the atomic π electron orbitals of sulfur, oxygen, and carbon atoms. We have deduced three different kinds of surface molecular reconstructions as follows: (1) charge redistribution in α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3, (2) translational reconstruction up to 0.1 nm in β-(BEDT-TTF)2I3, and (3) rotational reconstruction transforming the 1D axis from the a axis to the b axis in (EDO-TTF)2PF6. Finally, it is concluded that the surface reconstruction is ascribed to the additional gain of the cohesive energy of the π electron system, provoked by the reduced steric hindrance with the anions of the missing outside double layer. The investigations of the surface states provide not only interesting behaviors of the surface cation layer, but also important insights into the electronic states of a lot of similar charge transfer crystals, as demonstrated in α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3

Cerebellar Blood Flow and Gene Expression in Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis after Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats

Crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) is a state of hypoperfusion and hypometabolism in the contralesional cerebellar hemisphere caused by a supratentorial lesion, but its pathophysiology is not fully understood. We evaluated chronological changes in cerebellar blood flow (CbBF) and gene expressions in the cerebellum using a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). CbBF was analyzed at two and seven days after MCAO using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). DNA microarray analysis and western blotting of the cerebellar cortex were performed and apoptotic cells in the cerebellar cortex were stained. CbBF in the contralesional hemisphere was significantly decreased and this lateral imbalance recovered over one week. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that a gene set for "oxidative phosphorylation" was significantly upregulated while fourteen other gene sets including "apoptosis", "hypoxia" and "reactive oxygen species" showed a tendency toward upregulation in the contralesional cerebellum. MCAO upregulated the expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the contralesional cerebellar cortex. The number of apoptotic cells increased in the molecular layer of the contralesional cerebellum. Focal cerebral ischemia in our rat MCAO model caused CCD along with enhanced expression of genes related to oxidative stress and apoptosis

JNK pathway plays a critical role for expansion of human colorectal cancer in the context of BRG1 suppression

Tumor stem cells (TSCs), capable of self-renewal and continuous production of progeny cells, could be potential therapeutic targets. We have recently reported that chromatin remodeling regulator Brg1 is required for maintenance of murine intestinal TSCs and stemness feature of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by inhibiting apoptosis. However, it is still unclear how BRG1 suppression changes the underlying intracellular mechanisms of human CRC cells. We found that Brg1 suppression resulted in upregulation of the JNK signaling pathway in human CRC cells and murine intestinal TSCs. Simultaneous suppression of BRG1 and the JNK pathway, either by pharmacological inhibition or silencing of c-JUN, resulted in even stronger inhibition of the expansion of human CRC cells compared to Brg1 suppression alone. Consistently, high c-JUN expression correlated with worse prognosis for survival in human CRC patients with low BRG1 expression. Therefore, the JNK pathway plays a critical role for expansion and stemness of human CRC cells in the context of BRG1 suppression, and thus a combined blockade of BRG1 and the JNK pathway could be a novel therapeutic approach against human CRC