1,260 research outputs found
Electrical control of Kondo effect and superconducting transport in a side-gated InAs quantum dot Josephson junction
We measure the non-dissipative supercurrent in a single InAs self-assembled
quantum dot (QD) coupled to superconducting leads. The QD occupation is both
tuned by a back-gate electrode and lateral side-gate. The geometry of the
side-gate allows tuning of the QD-lead tunnel coupling in a region of constant
electron number with appropriate orbital state. Using the side-gate effect we
study the competition between Kondo correlations and superconducting pairing on
the QD, observing a decrease in the supercurrent when the Kondo temperature is
reduced below the superconducting energy gap in qualitative agreement with
theoretical predictions
Interactions in high-mobility 2D electron and hole systems
Electron-electron interactions mediated by impurities are studied in several
high-mobility two-dimensional (electron and hole) systems where the parameter
changes from 0.1 to 10 ( is the momentum relaxation
time). This range corresponds to the \textit{intermediate} and \textit
{ballistic} regimes where only a few impurities are involved in
electron-electron interactions. The interaction correction to the Drude
conductivity is detected in the temperature dependence of the resistance and in
the magnetoresistance in parallel and perpendicular magnetic fields. The
effects are analysed in terms of the recent theories of electron interactions
developed for the ballistic regime. It is shown that the character of the
fluctuation potential (short-range or long-range) is an important factor in the
manifestation of electron-electron interactions in high-mobility 2D systems.Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures; to appear in proceedings of conference
"Fundamental Problems of Mesoscopic Physics", Granada, Spain, 6-11 September,
200
Squamous cell carcinoma antigen suppresses radiation-induced cell death
Previous study has demonstrated that squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) 1 attenuates apoptosis induced by TNFα, NK cell or anticancer drug. In this study, we have examined the effect of SCCA2, which is highly homologous to SCCA1, but has different target specificity, against radiation-induced apoptosis, together with that of SCCA1. We demonstrated that cell death induced by radiation treatment was remarkably suppressed not only in SCCA1 cDNA-transfected cells, but also in SCCA2 cDNA-transfected cells. In these transfectants, caspase 3 activity and the expression of activated caspase 9 after radiation treatment were suppressed. Furthermore, the expression level of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) was suppressed compared to that of the control cells. The expression level of upstream stimulator of p38 MAPK, phosphorylated MKK3/MKK6, was also suppressed in the radiation-treated cells. Thus, both SCCA1 and SCCA2 may contribute to survival of the squamous cells from radiation-induced apoptosis by regulating p38 MAPK pathway. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.co
Ultrahigh-Field Hole Cyclotron Resonance Absorption in InMnAs Films
We have carried out an ultrahigh-field cyclotron resonance study of p-type
In1-xMnxAs films, with Mn composition x ranging from 0% to 2.5%, grown on GaAs
by low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy. Pulsed magnetic fields up to 500 T
were used to make cyclotron resonance observable in these low-mobility samples.
The clear observation of hole cyclotron resonance is direct evidence of the
existence of a large number of itinerant, effective-mass-type holes rather than
localized d-like holes. It further suggests that the p-d exchange mechanism is
more favorable than the double exchange mechanism in this narrow gap InAs-based
dilute magnetic semiconductor. In addition to the fundamental heavy-hole and
light-hole cyclotron resonance absorption appearing near the
high-magnetic-field quantum limit, we observed many inter-Landau-level
absorption bands whose transition probabilities are stronglydependent on the
sense of circular polarization of the incident light.Comment: 8 pages, 10 Postscript figure
PMH12 Outpatient Treatment of Adolescents in Japan with Drugs for Attention Deficit Disorders
Interlayer Magnetic Frustration in Quasi-stoichiometric Li1-xNi1+xO2
Susceptibility, high-field magnetization and submillimeter wave electron spin
resonance measurements of layered quasi-stoichiometric Li1-xNi1+xO2 are
reported and compared to isomorphic NaNiO2. A new mechanism of magnetic
frustration induced by the excess Ni ions always present in the Li layers is
proposed. We finally comment on the possible realization of an orbital liquid
state in this controversial compound.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys.Rev.B, Rapid Com
Spin dynamics and spin freezing in the triangular lattice antiferromagnets FeGa2S4 and NiGa2S4
Magnetic susceptibility and muon spin relaxation (muSR) experiments have been
carried out on the quasi-2D triangular-lattice spin S = 2 antiferromagnet
FeGa2S4. The muSR data indicate a sharp onset of a frozen or nearly-frozen spin
state at T* = 31(2) K, twice the spin-glass-like freezing temperature T_f =
16(1) K. The susceptibility becomes field dependent below T*, but no sharp
anomaly is observed in any bulk property. A similar transition is observed in
muSR data from the spin-1 isomorph NiGa2S4. In both compounds the dynamic muon
spin relaxation rate lambda_d(T) above T* agrees well with a calculation of
spin-lattice relaxation by Chubukov, Sachdev, and Senthil in the renormalized
classical regime of a 2D frustrated quantum antiferromagnet. There is no firm
evidence for other mechanisms. At low temperatures lambda_d(T) becomes
temperature independent in both compounds, indicating persistence of spin
dynamics. Scaling of lambda_d(T) between the two compounds is observed from
~T_f to ~1.5T*. Although the muSR data by themselves cannot exclude a truly
static spin component below T*, together with the susceptibility data they are
consistent with a slowly-fluctuating "spin gel" regime between T_f and T*. Such
a regime and the absence of a divergence in lambda_d(T) at T* are features of
two unconventional mechanisms: (1) binding/unbinding of Z_2 vortex excitations,
and (2) impurity spins in a nonmagnetic spin-nematic ground state. The absence
of a sharp anomaly or history dependence at T* in the susceptibility of
FeGa2S4, and the weakness of such phenomena in NiGa2S4, strongly suggest
transitions to low-temperature phases with unconventional dynamics.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
Frustrated quantum-spin system on a triangle coupled with lattice vibrations - Correspondence to Longuet-Higgins et al.'s Jahn-Teller model -
We investigate the quantum three spin model
of spin on a triangle, in which spins are coupled with
lattice-vibrational modes through the exchange interaction depending on
distances between spin sites. The present model corresponds to the dynamic
Jahn-Teller system proposed by Longuet-Higgins {\it et al.},
Proc.R.Soc.A.{\bf 244},1(1958). This correspondence is revealed by using the
transformation to Nakamura-Bishop's bases proposed in Phys.Rev.Lett.{\bf
54},861(1985). Furthermore, we elucidate the relationship between the behavior
of a chiral order parameter and
that of the electronic orbital angular momentum in vibronic model: The regular oscillatory behavior of the expectation value
. The increase of the additional
anharmonicity(chaoticity) is found to yield a rapidly decaying irregular
oscillation of
Fermi-liquid behaviour of the low-density 2D hole gas in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure at large values of r_s
We examine the validity of the Fermi-liquid description of the dilute 2D hole
gas in the crossover from 'metallic'-to-'insulating' behaviour of R(T).It has
been established that, at r_s as large as 29, negative magnetoresistance does
exist and is well described by weak localisation. The dephasing time extracted
from the magnetoresistance is dominated by the T^2 -term due to Landau
scattering in the clean limit. The effect of hole-hole interactions, however,
is suppressed when compared with the theory for small r_s.Comment: 4 pages ReVTeX, 4 ps figure
Orbital Ordering in Paramagnetic LaMnO3 and KCuF3
{\it Ab-initio} studies of the stability of orbital ordering, its coupling to
magnetic structure and its possible origins (electron-phonon and/or
electron-electron interactions) are reported for two perovskite systems,
LaMnO and KCuF. We present a new Average Spin State (ASS) calculational
scheme that allowed us to treat a paramagnetic state. Using this scheme, we
succesfully described the experimental magnetic/orbital phase diagram of both
LaMnO and KCuF in crystal structures when the Jahn-Teller distortions
are neglected. Hence, we conclude that the orbital ordering in both compounds
is purely electronic in origin.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
- …