シンリョウ ノート 3 トウニョウビョウ ノ エッセンス

糖尿病は慢性的に血糖値が高くなる病気であり、膵臓から分泌されるインスリンの作用の不足により生じる。インスリン作用の不足はインスリン分泌の低下（インスリン分泌障害）、末梢組織（筋肉、肝臓、脂肪組織など）におけるインスリン作用の低下（インスリン抵抗性）、あるいは両者が合わさって生じる。　糖尿病の95％以上を占める2型糖尿病は生活習慣の不良や加齢が発症に深く関連しており、長い経過のうちに細小血管障害（細い血管の障害）による糖尿病網膜症・糖尿病腎症・糖尿病神経障害および大血管障害（太い血管の障害）である動脈硬化症による脳梗塞や心筋梗塞などを生じ、QOL（生活の質）や生命予後を悪化させる。こうした慢性の合併症を防ぐことが糖尿病治療の大きな目的であり、自覚症状に乏しい発症早期から良好な血糖・血圧・血清脂質のコントロールを維持し、合併症を予防することが重要である。Diabetes mellitus (diabetes) is a metabolic disease in which a patient has chronic elevation of blood glucose level, because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin (insulin deficiency), or because peripheral cells do not respond to insulin properly (insulin resistance).Type 2 diabetes results from insulin resistance, sometimes combined with a various degree of insulin deficiency. Serious long-term complications include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy (chronic renal failure), diabetic neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases such as cerebral infarction or myocardial infarction. Adequate control of blood glucose should be started as early as possible as well as control of hypertension and dyslipidemia and improving lifestyles such as stopping smoking and maintaining a healthy body weight

A KINETIC STUDY ON THE ROLE OF SULFHYDRYL GROUP OF CATALASE, ESPECIALLY IN THE REACTION OF THE PEROXIDE COMPLEX COMPOUNDS

The role of -SH group of beef liver catalase was studied, especially in respect to the kinetic constants in the reactions of the propyl hydrogen peroxide (PrOOH)­ complex compound I formation and decomposition. Masking of 6 -SH groups per mole, that was titrated in the native state with PCM B, by S-carbamylmethylation did not affect the initial rate of catalatic H2O2 decomposition and the rate of the compound I formation, but it reduced the reaction rates of the compound I towards electron donor (ethanol) and of spontaneous decomposition. An accelerated inactivation of the masked catalase by H2O2 is discussed in terms of the inactive compound II formation as a result of reduced reactivity of the compound I with substrate in a catalatic or peroxidatic way

THE SUBUNIT STRUCTURE OF CATALASE: ESTIMATION OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF PERFORMIC ACID-OXIDIZED CATALASE

Beef liver catalase was oxidized by performic acid in the presence of 8 M urea. A complete cleavage of –S-S- linkages was confirmed by amino acid analysis of performic acid-oxidized catalase (PC). Molecular weight of PC in 8 M urea-1 M HCOOH-0.1 M KCl (pH 2.7) was determined as 29,000 by measuring S0 and D0, 25,400 by calculating from s0 and [η], and 25,000 by the sedimentation-equilibrium method. The size of PC at pH 2.7 is likely a half of 1/4-1/ 5 size subunit, in which 2 moles of PC is possibly linked through one -S-S- bond