Solid-State Culture for Lignocellulases Production

Aspergillus sp. and Trametes versicolor solid-state monocultures produced high titers of xylanases and laccases activities (4617 ± 38 and 2759 ± 30 U/gsubstrate, respectively). Fungal biomass was quantified by estimating the ergosterol content of the mycelium, and by a simple material balance the corresponding residual substrate was obtained. Fungal growth and substrate consumption rates showed different behavior for these monocultures (μ = 0.03 and 0.11 h−1; rs = − 0.04 and − 0.0006 gsubstrate/h, respectively). In this case, xylanases production was directly linked to the growth, while laccases were produced during both growth and maintenance phases. Besides xylanases (42% of total Aspergillus enzyme), high titers of cellulases (15%), amylases (34%), and invertases (9%), as well as lignin and manganese peroxidases (10 and 24% of the total Trametes enzyme), were produced on the corresponding monocultures. When both fungi were used in a coculture mode, xylanases and laccases production decreased (around 85 and 70%), and the proportion of the hydrolases and oxidases changed. This suggested the need for most careful coculture design, in order to produce both enzymatic activities simultaneously even though the enzymatic extracts obtained by mono- or cocultures can be applied in several bioprocesses

Implicación de la matriz extracelular de Bacillus subtilis en la interacción beneficiosa con la planta

Bacillus subtilis es una bacteria Gram-positiva comúnmente presente en los suelos. Algunos aislados de esta especie son capaces de promover el crecimiento en plantas (actividad PGPR, del inglés plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) y de contribuir al control de diferentes enfermedades microbianas mediante la producción de una amplia batería de metabolitos secundarios con actividad antimicrobiana y la inducción de los mecanismos de defensa de la planta. Todo ello ocurre en el contexto de una eficiente colonización y persistencia sobre la raíz, la cual se cree estar asociada a la formación de biofilms: comunidades bacterianas donde las células están englobadas en una matriz extracelular de producción propia y compuesta principalmente por proteínas y exopolisacáridos. Estudios previos han demostrado que la surfactina, uno de los metabolitos secundarios producidos por esta bacteria, está involucrada en la cascada de señalización que dispara la formación del biofilm así como en la comunicación con la planta. Esta observación conduce a plantear la hipótesis de que alguno de los metabolitos secundarios u otros componentes estructurales de la matriz extracelular pueden ser mediadores de la comunicación bacteria-semilla y tener relevancia en la actividad PGPR. En este trabajo se evalúa el papel que los distintos componentes estructurales y metabolitos secundarios presentes en la matriz extracelular de B. subtilis puedan tener en la promoción de la germinación de semillas. Valiéndonos de una batería de mutantes en dichos elementos, realizamos ensayos de bacterización de semillas para estudiar posteriormente los patrones de colonización y persistencia bacteriana en la rizosfera y el efecto sobre la actividad PGPR. Los resultados obtenidos hasta la fecha sugieren que la molécula fengicina y la proteína TasA pueden ser claves en esta función de B. subtilis

Cross-national dataset from Chile, Spain, Venezuela and Colombia to analyze the meanings students attribute to the pedagogical authority of teachers

The data displayed here were collected through a Likert scale that measures the meanings attributed to the pedagog- ical authority. The final sample comprised 913 teacher train- ing university students from four Ibero-American countries (Chile, Spain, Colombia, and Venezuela). The value of the data relies, among others, on the possibility to analyse sim- ilarities and differences of those meanings among countries. This database allows for an increase of the sample, whether by applying the instrument to the same countries or to dif- ferent ones. The main contributions of the article “Scale of Pedagogical Authority Meanings in the Classroom (ESAPA) for Ibero-America built on the opinions of teaching students”[1] belong to the psychometrics and education fields

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Gestión curricular en la aplicación de estrategias para el desarrollo de la expresión oral de la institución educativa inicial república de Malta del distrito de Cayma - Arequipa

Tesis de segunda especialidadAnte las diferentes dificultades de gestión curricular encontradas en mi institución educativa, nace la necesidad de abordar una problemática más álgida, es así que resulta como producto el presente trabajo de investigación lleva por título: Gestión curricular en la aplicación de estrategias para el desarrollo de la expresión oral de la Institución Educativa inicial República de Malta del distrito de Cayma – Arequipa, teniendo como objetivo general Fortalecer la gestión curricular para orientar la aplicación de estrategias para el desarrollo de la expresión oral a través de la Implementación de una comunidad profesional de aprendizaje en la Institución Educativa Inicial República de Malta del Distrito de Cayma, Arequipa., contando con la participación de todos los actores educativos. Por la naturaleza del trabajo se aplicó una metodología de campo activa, enmarcada dentro de la investigación aplicativa, siendo el instrumento principal el árbol de problemas que ayudó a determinar el diagnóstico del problema y poder señalar las causas y efectos del mismo para lo que se utilizó el focus group y poder identificar los problemas derivados de una deficiente gestión curricular, con la finalidad de establecer el problema ya señalado, de donde se derivó el árbol de objetivos para que ayude a determinar la alternativa de solución: Implementación de CPA para fortalecer la gestión curricular con énfasis en aplicación de estrategias de la expresión oral. Con la realización del presente trabajo, se quiere resaltar la importancia de realizar una adecuada gestión curricular para elevar el desempeño estudiantil a nivel de la expresión oral, aunado al deseo personal y profesional de realizar una gestión curricular que contribuya a la mejora de la calidad de la institució

Análisis de la formación de docentes de preescolar desde la perspectiva de género

Licenciatura en Psicología Educativ

Lung Cancer Mortality and Radon Concentration in a Chronically Exposed Neighborhood in Chihuahua, Mexico: A Geospatial Analysis

This study correlated lung cancer (LC) mortality with statistical data obtained from government public databases. In order to asses a relationship between LC deaths and radon accumulation in dwellings, indoor radon concentrations were measured with passive detectors randomly distributed in Chihuahua City. Kriging (K) and Inverse-Distance Weighting (IDW) spatial interpolations were carried out. Deaths were georeferenced and Moran’s I correlation coefficients were calculated. The mean values (over n=171) of the interpolation of radon concentrations of deceased’s dwellings were 247.8 and 217.1 Bq/m3, for K and IDW, respectively. Through the Moran’s I values obtained, correspondingly equal to 0.56 and 0.61, it was evident that LC mortality was directly associated with locations with high levels of radon, considering a stable population for more than 25 years, suggesting spatial clustering of LC deaths due to indoor radon concentrations