HISTORICAL FLOWS OF CORN, WHEAT AND SOYBEANS FROM MINNESOTA, NORTH DAKOTA AND SOUTH DAKOTA

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A review of factors influencing the stress response in Australian marsupials

Many Australian marsupials are threatened species. In order to manage in situ and ex situ populations effectively, it is important to understand how marsupials respond to threats. Stress physiology (the study of the response of animals to challenging stimuli), a key approach in conservation physiology, can be used to characterize the physiological response of wildlife to threats. We reviewed the literature on the measurement of glucocorticoids (GCs), endocrine indicators of stress, in order to understand the stress response to conservation-relevant stressors in Australian marsupials and identified 29 studies. These studies employed a range of methods to measure GCs, with faecal glucocorticoid metabolite enzyme immunoassay being the most common method. The main stressors considered in studies of marsupials were capture and handling. To date, the benefits of stress physiology have yet to be harnessed fully in marsupial conservation. Despite a theoretical base dating back to the 1960s, GCs have only been used to understand how 21 of the 142 extant species of Australian marsupial respond to stressors. These studies include merely six of the 60 marsupial species of conservation concern (IUCN Near Threatened to Critically Endangered). Furthermore, the fitness consequences of stress for Australian marsupials are rarely examined. Individual and species differences in the physiological stress response also require further investigation, because significant species-specific variations in GC levels in response to stressors can shed light on why some individuals or species are more vulnerable to stress factors while others appear more resilient. This review summarizes trends, knowledge gaps and future research directions for stress physiology research in Australian marsupial conservation

A bibliometric analysis assessing temporal changes in publication and authorship characteristics in The Knee from 1996 to 2016.

BACKGROUND: Evidence-based practice is a foundation to clinical excellence. However there remains little evidence on the characteristics of authors who contribute to the evidence-base and whether these have changed over time. The purpose of this study was to explore these characteristics by undertaking a bibliometric analysis to explore publication and authorship characteristics in a leading sub-speciality orthopaedic journal (The Knee) over a 20-year period. METHODS: All articles published in The Knee in 1996, 2006 and 2016 were identified. For each article, data collected included: highest academic award; profession; gender; continent of first and last author; total number of authors; the level of evidence; and funding source. We analysed temporal changes in these variables using appropriate statistical models. RESULTS: A total of 413 papers were analysed. Between 1996 to 2016 there has been a significant increase in the overall number of authors, the number of paper submitted from Asia, the proportion of Level 1 or 2 tiered evidence, the proportion of people with Bachelor or Master-level degrees as their highest level of educational award and the proportion of non-medically qualified authors (P<0.001). From 2006 to 2016 there was a significant increase in the proportion of articles whose first author was female (P=0.03), but no significant change in the number of females as last author (P=0.43). CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that there have been changes in publication and authorship characteristics in this sub-speciality orthopaedic journal during the past 20years. This provides encouraging indication of greater diversification and internationalisation of orthopaedic research

Effects of prey number and stage on the biology of Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Hemiptera: Miridae): A predator of Nilaparvata lagens (Homoptera: Delphacidae)

When given 30 eggs of Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) daily, males and females of Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter took 10.8 and 13.0 d, respectively, to develop from first instar. The males consumed 49.0 eggs and the females, 59.2 eggs. The mean body length of adult males was 2.6 mm and females, 3.1 mm; mean longevity was 9.6 d for the males and 14.4 d for the females. Lifetime egg consumption was 43.8 eggs by the males and 123.6eggs by the females. Mean lifetime fecundity by unmated females was 34.0 eggs. When 20 or fewer eggs or 10 or fewer first-instar N. lugens were given daily as food, nymphal survival, adult longevity, and fecundity decreased. Individuals offered 20 or more N. lugens eggs consumed significantly more than those offered fewer eggs, but this did not result in a decrease in development time or in adult size. C. lividipennis adults that were fed daily with N. lugens nymphs (5 or 10 first, second, or third instars) also had a shorter life span and laid no eggs. Adults offered 10 second or third instars lived significantly longer than those on other regimes. Our results suggest that C. lividipennis nymphs need only small amounts of food to survive to adulthood under field conditions, especially at the beginning of the rice growing season, when N. lugens eggs are relatively scarce

Trends in prenatal cares settings: association with medical liability

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Medical liability concerns centered around maternity care have widespread public health implications, as restrictions in physician scope of practice may threaten quality of and access to care in the current climate. The purpose of this study was to examine national trends in prenatal care settings based on medical liability climate.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Analysis of prenatal visits in the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 1997 to 2004 (N = 21,454). To assess changes in rates of prenatal visits over time, we used the linear trend test. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was developed to determine characteristics associated with visits made to hospital outpatient departments.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In regions of the country with high medical liability (N = 11,673), the relative number, or proportion, of all prenatal visits occurring in hospital outpatient departments increased from 11.8% in 1997–1998 to 19.4% in 2003–2004 (p < .001 for trend); the trend for complicated obstetrical visits (N = 3,275) was more pronounced, where the proportion of prenatal visits occurring in hospital outpatient departments almost doubled from 22.7% in 1997–1998 to 41.6% in 2003–2004 (p = .004 for trend). This increase did not occur in regions of the country with low medical liability (N = 9,781) where the proportion of visits occurring in hospital outpatient departments decreased from 13.3% in 1997–1998 to 9.0% in 2003–2004.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>There has been a shift in prenatal care from obstetrician's offices to safety net settings in regions of the country with high medical liability. These findings provide strong indirect evidence that the medical liability crisis is affecting patterns of obstetric practice and ultimately patient access to care.</p

The Effectiveness of Gambling Exclusion Programs in Queensland

This is the research report for the study The Effectiveness of Gambling Exclusion Programs in Queensland, commissioned by the Queensland Department of Justice and Attorney General under its Responsible Gambling Research Grants Program 2011. The project was undertaken by the Centre for Gambling Education and Research at Southern Cross University in collaboration with the University of New England. The study was conducted over 24 months, commencing in February 2012