Traditions matrimoniales dans la région de Rabat-Salé-Zemmour-Zaer au Maroc

La pratique des mariages consanguins est très répandue au Moyen-Orient, en Afrique du Nord et dans le Sud-Ouest Asiatique où 20 à plus de 50 % de mariages sont consanguins. L’analyse d’un échantillon de 270 femmes mariées, pris au hasard dans le service de Maternité de l’Hôpital Souissi à Rabat (2004-2005), a fait l’objet d’une étude prospective visant à déterminer la fréquence des mariages consanguins dans la région de Rabat-Salé-Zemmour-Zaer au Maroc. Les résultats obtenus montrent que 20 % des mariages sont consanguins (l’IC à 95 % est de 12,29 à 28,01 %) dont 70 % sont entre cousins germains.The practice of consanguineous marriage has been widespread for hundreds of years, and is still very common, especially among various Middle Eastern, Asian and African populations where 20 to 50% + of marriages are consanguineous. The analysis of a sample of 270 married women selected randomly in the Maternity Service of the Hospital Souissi of Rabat (2004-2005) was subjected to a prospective study to determine the frequency of consanguineous marriages in the region of Rabat-Salé-Zemmour-Zaer in Morocco. The results indicate that 20% of marriages were consanguineous (95% CI 12.29-28.01%), of which over 70% were between first cousins

Cartography of Suicide-Related Health Indicators and Suicide Attempts in Morocco

The present work consists of a retrospective study of suicidal intoxication during a period stretching from January 1980 to December 2013, reported to the Poison Control and Pharmaco-vigilance Center of Morocco through two systems of data collection: Toxicological Information and Toxico-vigilance. The objective is to determine the spatio-temporal evolution of the incidence, lethality and mortality related to suicides and suicide attempts through intoxication in Morocco. During the study period, the average annual number of suicidal intoxications was 707 cases. All regions of Morocco have been affected but at variable rates. The average age of the victims is 24.39 ± 0.08 years, with a sex ratio of 2.41 in favor of the female sex. In the space of 34 years, the incidence is 2.4 per 100,000 inhabitants, the mortality is 0.67 per million inhabitants and the lethality is 0.08%. The annual increase in biological indicators makes suicides and suicide attempts a public health problem, through hospital care and the resulting socio-economic and psychological consequences. This problem seems much more common in urban areas and particularly in the big cities of Morocco

Estimation De L’exhaustivité De La Surveillance Des Intoxications Médicamenteuses Dans La Région De Tanger-Tétouan-Al Hoceima, Maroc, 2014-2016

The aim of this study is to estimate the completeness of drug poisoning surveillance in the region of Tanger-Tétouan-Al Hoceima in Morocco. The study deals with cases of drug poisoning identified by the Moroccan Anti Poison Control Center (MPCC) and the cases collected by the registers of the provincial hospitals of the studied region between 2014 and 2016 period. The completeness of the surveillance was studied by the capture-recapture method. During the study period, 835 cases of drug poisoning were identified by the MPCC and 892 cases from the registers of hospitals in the region. The number of duplicates was 78. The capture-recapture method made it possible to estimate the total number of cases at 9 549 (95% CI: 8,199-10,900). The completeness of surveillance is estimated at 8.74% from MPCC and 9.34% from hospital registers in the region. The capture-recapture method provided limited completeness of monitoring for drug poisoning in the study area. Improved awareness of doctors about the declaration is necessary to strengthen the system of surveillance of poisoning in Morocco

Geographical distribution of health indicators related to snake bites and envenomation in Morocco between 1999 and 2013

OBJECTIVES Envenomation from snake bites is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological features of snake bites in Morocco and to evaluate time-space trends in snake bite incidence, the mortality rate, and the case-fatality rate. METHODS This is a retrospective study of snake bite cases reported to the Moroccan Poison Control Center between 1999 and 2013. RESULTS During the study period, 2,053 people were bitten by snakes in Morocco. Most victims were adults (55.4%). The average age of the patients was 26.48±17.25 years. More than half of the cases (58.1%) were males. Approximately 75% of snake bites happened in rural areas, and 85 deaths were recorded during this period. The incidence of snake bites remained generally steady over the 15-year period of this study, with a marked increase noted since 2012. The mortality rate has increased slightly, from 0.02 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants in 1999 to 0.05 in 2013. The geographical distribution of snake bite cases in the regions of Morocco showed that Tanger-Tétouan had the highest annual incidence of snake bites (1.41 bites per 100,000 inhabitants). However, the highest annual mortality rates were recorded in the Guelmim-Es Semara and Souss-Massa-Drâa regions (0.09 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants for both regions). CONCLUSIONS The geographical distribution of the incidence, mortality, and case-fatality rates of snake bites in Morocco showed large disparities across regions during the three 5-year periods included in this study, meaning that certain areas can be considered high-risk for snake bites

CARACTÉRISTIQUES SOCIO-ÉPIDÉMIOLOGIQUES ET ÉVOLUTIVES DES INTOXICATIONS AIGUËS AU MAROC : CAS DE LA RÉGION DE L’ORIENTAL

A retrospective epidemiological study concerning 4 098 cases of acute poisoning registered in the region of the Oriental between January, 2007 and December, 2011 was realized. The data have been collected by The Moroccan Poison Control and Drug Monitoring Center (centre anti-poison et de pharmacovigilance "CAPM"). Such study aims to reduce morbidity and mortality resulting from poisoning in the oriental region, through the description of the major epidemiological characteristics associated with it. The results showed the average age of the intoxicated 24.7±16.4 years. The poisonings in this region concerned mainly the adults whose age is understood between 20 years and 74 years (56.9 %). The lethality rate was more important at the elderly Person ([> 75]) (2.62 %). The female prevailed with (62.8%), the sex ratio (F/M) being 1.68. The frequencies of the highest poisonings were recorded in the urban middle with 90.1 %. The poisonings were accidental in 76.6 % of the cases. The clinical state of the patients was for the greater part symptomatic (74.9 %). The most incriminated products were drugs with 29.6 % of the cases. Among 3 453 patients for whom the evolution was known, 3 407 cases had favorably evolved, 46 had died, that is a lethality of 1.3 %. The study of the effect of the studied parameters on the evolution of the health status of patients has led to progress as follows: The origin (urban, rural) and the clinical state (symptomatic, asymptomatic) presented a significant association with the evolution of the patients: The Odds ratio was respectively, (OR=2.33, p=0.028) and (OR=6.51, p=0.001). To reduce the incidence of acute accidental and intentional poisonings, prevention and improvement of socio-economic conditions remain the treatment of choice

CARACTERISTIQUES EPIDEMIOLOGIQUES ET CLINIQUES DES ENVENIMATIONS PAR LES INSECTES HYMENOPTERES AU MAROC EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENVENOMATIONS CAUSED BY HYMENOPTERA INSECTS IN MOROCCO

In order to reduce the morbidity of envenomations caused by Hymenoptera insects in Morocco, this study evaluates the incidence of those cases in the regions that have been affected by this type of poisoning and describes the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the poisoned patients. A descriptive retrospective analysis was conducted on 175 cases of envenomation. Data was collected from two sources, the Toxico-monotoring systems and toxicological information, both based on suspected or proven data from The Moroccan Poison Control and Drug Monitoring Center (CAPM) from the 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2011. Entry and statistical analysis were done using Epi Info 2002. According to the results, the region of Tangier-Tetouan has recorded the highest number of poisoned patients (67 cases) with an incidence of 0.0062 per 100 000 inhabitants. The average age of the poisoned population was 21,6±16,9. Male patients were the most affected with 66% of cases (sex ratio (M / F) = 2). Hymenoptera insect bites have occurred most often in urban areas (62% of cases). There was a peak in bites during July, which corresponds to the period of the proliferation of insects (bees-ants...). 75.4% of patients were symptomatic. The most frequent clinical signs were local edema (25.9%), pruritus (20.5%) and localized pain (18.3%). The evolution was favorable in 81% of cases, 2 cases (1%) with had ongoing sequels and no cases of death were recorded. By studying these 175 cases of envenomation caused by Hymenoptera, we offers education and information to the Moroccan population, and an ecological knowledge about hymenopteran species involved, and the proper management of the poisoned for a better outcome

Endogamie, Isonymie et Consanguinité dans la Région du Gharb-Chrarda-Béni Hssen (MAROC)

The prospective study was undertaken in the service of Maternity and Gynaecology (Hospital Cherif Idrissi to Kénitra) to determine the biodemographic and genetic structure of the population of the Gharb in Morocco through the study of the surname characteristics (whose transmission is similar to that of the Y chromosome) and the analysis of the consanguinity. The results reveal a high rate of endogamy according to the birthplace of spouses. The mean coefficient of consanguinity, based on surnames frequency is twice superior than that estimated by genealogies (generation of the studied couples and generation of their parents) with a more heterogeneous distribution. Thus, the usefulness of surnames for inferring about population structure is supported, as well as the usefulness of historical information for explaining genetic diversity.Une étude prospective a été réalisée dans le service de Maternité et Gynécologie (Hôpital Cherif Idrissi à Kénitra) pour déterminer la structure biodémographique et génétique de la population du Gharb au Maroc à travers la description des patronymes (dont la transmission est similaire à celle du chromosome Y) et l'analyse de la consanguinité. Les résultats révèlent un fort taux d'endogamie suivant le lieu de naissance des conjoints. Le coefficient de consanguinité estimé à partir de la fréquence des patronymes est deux fois supérieur que celui estimé par généalogies (génération des couples étudiés et génération de leurs parents) avec une distribution plus hétérogène. Cette étude plaide en faveur de l'utilisation des noms de famille comme moyen de connaissance de la structure d'une population, ainsi que celle de l'information historique pour expliquer la diversité génétique

Never smokers with lung cancer in Morocco: epidemiology and gender differences

Even through smoking is a definite risk factor for lung cancer, it is possible for people who have never smoked to suffer lung cancer. This research aimed to describe the epidemiology of lung cancer in never smokers in Morocco. Also, an assessment of differences between men and women never smokers was performed. The researchers analyzed retrospectively all patients diagnosed with lung cancer between 2014 and 2017. The results showed that of 606 patients, 157 (25.9%) were never smokers. Of these, 79 patients (50.32%) were women. Women were more likely to be younger (p=0.034), had adenocarcinoma (p=0.046), and being in advanced stage of the disease (p=0.032). Men were more exposed to professional carcinogens (p<0.001). Tuberculosis was the most frequent previous lung disease in never smokers, but no difference was noted between men and women. Performance status and comorbidities did not vary by gender. Never smokers in Morocco represent a significant proportion of lung cancer. Evident epidemiologic differences are found between men and women never smokers, notably, age, histological type and risk factor exposure

Spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions: nurses’ perception

Introduction: Spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions is the basis of pharmacovigilance, the main objective of which is to ensure the safe use of drugs, particularly cytotoxics, through continuous monitoring of adverse events caused by them. The aims of this study were to investigate the perception of nurses towards pharmacovigilance, and identify reasons for under-reporting of adverse reactions to cytotoxic drugs in Morocco. Methods: Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 nurses in charge of administering cytotoxics drugs in the Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Department of the Children’s Hospital in Rabat in 2019. The interviews were recorded, then transcribed and analyzed. Results: From this study, positive attitudes towards the reporting of adverse drug reactions by nurses were shown. Nevertheless, an insufficient level of knowledge of pharmacovigilance by the participants was showed. Lack of training was the main cause of this lack of knowledge. Conclusion: This study showed a positive perception of nurses towards pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting despite insufficient knowledge. The integration of pharmacovigilance modules in the training curriculum of nurses will help to improve ADR reporting

The role of NGOs and associations in health care for migrants in North West Morocco

Associations working in the field of migrant health are currently an important link to meet the health needs of the migrant population. Draw up their inventory, in the region of Rabat-Salé-Kénitra, has been identified as an essential tool to analyze the roles of this category of partners, their experiences and modes of operation with a zoom on their constraints in the realization of their mission. A descriptive study, based on the literature review, interviews and focus groups with migrants, was conducted in 2018, with 25 associations active in the field of health and migration, selected by reasoned sampling; 72% of associations surveyed were created in the 2000s. Mostly between 18 and 60 years, migrants receiving NGO’s services are frequently in a situation of vulnerability and precariousness; 68% are unemployed. There are many reasons for using associations’ health services, mostly by women (56%). In a context of strong competition between the associations themselves, marked by the limits of coordination, the implementation of their health interventions for the benefit of migrants is becoming increasingly difficult. Better coordination between public authorities and associations will help to put in place efficient health interventions that meet the real needs of migrants in Morocco