Andreas Blauert, Das Urfehdewesen im deutschen Südwesten im Spätmittelalter und in der frühen Neuzeit

Urfehde denoted originally an oath to keep the peace taken by those released from gaol, forswearing vengeance for their confinement. The very need for such assurances provides a revealing testimony to the nature of public order in the early part of the period covered in this book : the precarious legitimacy of governments, their weakness and vulnerability, and, correspondingly, the capacity and even legitimacy of « private » persons to resort to violence against governments and their represen..

Andreas Blauert, Das Urfehdewesen im deutschen Südwesten im Spätmittelalter und in der frühen Neuzeit

Urfehde denoted originally an oath to keep the peace taken by those released from gaol, forswearing vengeance for their confinement. The very need for such assurances provides a revealing testimony to the nature of public order in the early part of the period covered in this book : the precarious legitimacy of governments, their weakness and vulnerability, and, correspondingly, the capacity and even legitimacy of « private » persons to resort to violence against governments and their represen..

The feud in early modern Germany /

"The practice of feuding amongst noblemen and princes represented a substantial threat to law and order, yet it was widely accepted and deeply embedded in late medieval and early modern German society. Hillay Zmora offers a new interpretation of this violent social practice, which has long confounded historians and social scientists. His groundbreaking study explains feud violence in its social context, demonstrating that, paradoxically, nobles feuded mostly not against strangers but with neighbours, relatives and their feudal lords. Focusing on the ambivalent relationships and symbolic communication between nobles, this study explores how values, norms and moral sentiments linked to reciprocity provided the most powerful incentives to engage in violent conflict. It will be essential reading for historians, anthropologists, psychologists and anyone who seeks to understand the link between culture, moral systems and endemic violence"--"The practice of feuding amongst noblemen and princes represented a substantial threat to law and order, yet it was widely accepted and deeply embedded in late medieval and early modern German society. Hillay Zmora offers a new interpretation of this violent social practice, which has long confounded historians and social scientists. His groundbreaking study explains feud violence in its social context, demonstrating that, paradoxically, nobles feuded mostly not against strangers but with neighbours, relatives and their feudal lords. Focusing on the ambivalent relationships and symbolic communication between nobles, this study explores how values, norms and moral sentiments linked to reciprocity provided the most powerful incentives to engage in violent conflict. It will be essential reading for historians, anthropologists, psychologists and anyone who seeks to understand the link between culture, moral systems and endemic violence"--Includes bibliographical references and index.1. Introduction: the struggle over the feud in early modern Germany -- 2. The rules of the game -- 3. Values and violence: the morals of feuding -- 4. The wages of success: reproduction and the proliferation of conflicts -- 5. Enemies of the state? Feuding nobles, ruling princes, and the struggle for mastery in early modern Germany -- 6. The politics of civility: the decay of the feu

The German nobility and the feud : Franconia c. 1440-1550

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The slab geometry laser—Part I: Theory

Abstract-Slab geometry solid-state lasersoffer significant performance improvements over conventional rod geometry lasers. We present a de-tailed theoretical description of the thermal, stress, and beam propaga-tion characteristics of a slab laser. Our analysis includes consideration of the effects of the zig-zag optical path which eliminates thermal and stress focusing and reduces residual birefringence. S I