The impact of trade liberalization on women's job opportunities and earnings in developing countries

This paper analyses how trade affects women s job opportunities and earnings through five case studies: Mauritius, Mexico, Peru, the Philippines and Sri Lanka. Women s share of the labour force has increased over time and the wage gap between men and women has narrowed. A positive and statistically significant correlation between exports and women s share of employment is found while there is a statistically significant and negative correlation between women s share in employment and imports. The correlations stem from variation between sectors rather than within sectors over time, indicating that export-competing industries tend to employ women while import-competing industries tend to employ men. Trade liberalization is likely to create jobs for women and over time increase their relative wages.