Evaluation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, prolylpeptidyl isomerase A, and a set of stably expressed genes as reference mRNAs in urate crystal inflammation

ABSTRACT

Distinct functions of HTLV-1 Tax1 from HTLV-2 Tax2 contribute key roles to viral pathogenesis

While the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), to date, its close relative HTLV-2 is not associated with ATL or other types of malignancies. Accumulating evidence shows that HTLV-1 Tax1 and HTLV-2 Tax2 have many shared activities, but the two proteins have a limited number of significantly distinct activities, and these distinctions appear to play key roles in HTLV-1 specific pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the functions of Tax1 associated with cell survival, cell proliferation, persistent infection as well as pathogenesis. We emphasize special attention to distinctions between Tax1 and Tax2

Diffusion and Solution of Gases in Substituted Polyacetylene Membranes

The coefficients of permeability, diffusion and solubility (P, D and S, respectively) of various substituted polyacetylenes for six gases (He, H2, O2, N2, CO2 and CH4) at 25°C were determined. The polyacetylenes with a bulky substituent such as poly[1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne] (poly(TMSP)) generally exhibited large P values. The especially large P values (∼ 2 × 103−2 × 104 barrer) of poly(TMSP) were found to be based on both its D and S values being large. The polyacetylenes with a long n-alkyl group showed fairly large D values, while those with a phenyl group had relatively large S values. The activation parameters for P, D and S (EP, ED and ΔHS, respectively) were obtained from their temperature dependences (30–70°C). The EP values of poly(TMSP) were all negative (−9.7 to −0.4 kJ mol−1). This stemmed from its small ED values compared with those of other polymers