Occurrence and Distribution of Aeromonas in Surface Water and Algae in River

太田川水系および小田川水系を選んで生活用水源あるいは内水面漁場としての河川水中におけるAeromonasの分布状況について調査し検討した。その結果, (1) Aeromonasは表流水中よりもアユなどの餌ともなる苔類にはるかに多く分布していた。 (2) この分布状況は水温に大きく影響され,27℃以上の温度域では試料の80%において1mlあたり10^3以上の菌数が存在し,水温の低下と共に減少する傾向を示した。 (3) この減少傾向は表流水で顕著で,20℃以下では1mlあたり10以下まで減少した。 (4) 分離されたAeromonasの病原性と密接な関係にある溶血能も,やはり水温に影響され,特に29℃以上では病原菌としての可能性を思わせる強い溶血能を持った菌株が60～80%を占めていた。 (5) しかし,水温の低下に伴って溶血能の弱い菌株や非溶血株が増える傾向にあった。Aeromonas (A. hydrophila, A. salmonicida etc.) are well known as being Vibrio associated with food poisoning or diseases among humans, fish including ayu (sweetfish) and other animals. The summer in 1978, a large number of Ayu died of illness in the Ohta river. At that time we examined and discussed the distribution of Aeromonas in the Ohta and Oda rivers. 1) Larger quantities of Aeromonas were distributed in algae which are Ayu and other fishes food than in the surface water itself. 2) The distribution of the Aeromonas depended on the water temperature largely. In 80% of the algae tested, the number of Aeromonas was 10^3 cells per ml in the temperature range of over 27°C. This number decreased gradually as the temperature decreased. 3) The decreasing tendency of Aeromonas was notable in the surface water. The number of Aeromonas per ml was less than 10 cells in the temperature range of below 20°C. 4) The haemolytic activity of the isolated Aeromonas also depended on the water temperature. Especially, in the temperature range, of over 29°C, 60-80% of the isolated Aeromonas had strong haemolytic activity which is connected with the cause of food poisoning or diseases among humans, fish and other snimals. 5) However, as the temperature decreased, the isolated Aeromonas had weak haemolytic activity. Still others had no haemolytic activity increased tendencies

Hypernova Nucleosynthesis and Implications for Cosmic Chemical Evolution

We examine the characteristics of nucleosynthesis in 'hypernovae', i.e., supernovae with very large explosion energies (\gsim 10^{52} ergs). Implications for the cosmic chemical evolution and the abundances in M82 are discussed.Comment: To appear in 'Cosmic Evolution' Conference at IAP, Paris, honoring Jean Audouze and Jim Truran, 13-17 Nov 200

Influence of Temperatures on Enterococci in the Presence of Sodium Chloride

食品の加工,貯蔵のための物理的,化学的処理に伴なって,食品中に存在する微生物がどのような影響を受けるかを推察する目的で,今回は腸球菌を用いて比較的高い濃度のNaClの存在下における温度感受性を検討した.その結果,①低温域(0°C以下)では死滅を律速する要因はNaCl濃度変化よりもむしろ温度変化に大きく依存することが判った. ②低温域における腸球菌の死滅は速度の異なる2種類の一次反応から成り,k1に依存することが判った. ③低温処理したS. faecium (A)はNaN3に対して強い感受性を示した.The influence of sodium chloride on the growth of enterococci (S. faecium A and B, S. faecalis and S. faecalis var. liquefacience) has been examined. The rate of extinction depended on the temperature more than on the sodium chloride concentration and a kinetic mechanism which qualitatively accounted for the observed behavior was discussed under the lower temperature zone (below 0℃). The reaction consisted from two kinds of velocities (k1 and k2) and depended on k1 grately. Cold- and frozen-injured S. faecium (A) in the presence of 6% sodium chloride was influenced by sodium azide.本研究の一部は第24回日本食品衛生学会(昭和47年,秋田)において発表した

On the Contamination of Sea Water with Salmonella and Fecal Indicator Organisms : II. Changes of Salmonella in Natural and Aseptic Sea Water

海域に流入したサルモネラが,どのような挙動を示すか,その動態を追究する目的で自然海水および無菌海水中でのモデル実験を行なった。 1: 自然海水中では接種したサルモネラは10℃>20℃>30℃の順に生残性を示した。 2: 無菌海水中ではサルモネラの生残性は自然海水中におけるよりも低く,しかもはっきりとした温度依存性を示さなかった。 3: 少量(<10/mlのサルモネラを接種した場合には,菌接種後,一度菌数が減少し,その後次第に増加した。 4: その場合,20℃および30℃に保持するとS.thompson単独例よりもE.coliとの混合例の方がS.thompsonの増殖する割合は低かった。 5: 海水中でのサルモネラの生残性は水温にかなり影響されることが示唆された。For the observation of behavior of Salmonella in sea water, the survivability of Salmonella inoculated in natural or aseptic sea water was examined. 1. In natural sea water, both S. anatum and S. thompson survived at the rate of 10C, 20C and 30C. 2. In sea water filtrated by a millipore filter, the temperature dependences of Salmonella were indefinite, and their survival periods were shorter than in natural sea water. 3. When some S. thompson (less 10 cells per ml.) has been inoculated into autoclaved sea water, their number decreased first and then increased gradually. 4. At this time, when the sea water was kept at 20C and 30C, the rate of multiplication of S. thompson mixed with E. coli was lower than that in the case of S. thompson alone. 5. The survivability of Salmonella in sea water depended considerably on the temperature.本研究の一部は昭和50～51年度文部省科学研究費(特定研究1「瀬戸内海の汚染と指標生物の動態に関する研究－代表者,藤山虎也教授」)によるものである

Oral Treatment with Extract of Agaricus blazei Murill Enhanced Th1 Response through Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Suppressed OVA-Sensitized Allergy in Mice

To clarify the mechanism of the antiallergic activity of Agaricus blazei Murill extract (ABME), the present paper used an in vivo allergy model and an in vitro intestinal gut model. During OVA sensitization, the serum IgE levels decreased significantly in ABME group. Interleukin (IL)-4 and -5 produced from OVA-restimulated splenocytes was significantly decreased, and anti-CD3ε/CD28 antibody treatment also reduced IL-10, -4, and -5 production and increased IFN-γ production in ABME group. These results suggest that oral administration of ABME improves Th1/Th2 balance. Moreover, a coculture system constructed of Caco-2 cells and splenocytes from OT-II mice or RAW 264.7 cells indicated that the significant increases in IFN-γ production by ABME treatment. Therefore, it was concluded that the antiallergic activity of ABME was due to the activation of macrophages by epithelial cells and the promotion of the differentiation of naïve T cells into Th1 cells in the immune

CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF CEREBRAL SUBCORTICAL CAVERNOUS ANGIOMA AS EPILEPTOGENIC FOCUS

The authors conducted a comparative histological study of two groups of patients with cerebral subcortical cavernous angioma. One group was composed of 5 asymptomatic cases detected accidentally. The other group was composed of 4 patients presenting as epilepsy. The results obtained may be summarized as follows ; 1) Hemosiderin deposit and gliosis were seen in all cases examined ; 2) Granulomatous change was a histological finding associated with epileptogenesis ; 3) The histological changes, starting with proliferation of collagen fibers and leading to hyaline degeneration, calcification, and then hemangioma calcificans, seem to represent a course of spontaneous healing, when viewed from epileptogenesis