97 research outputs found
Phasons and excitations in skyrmion lattice
Excitations of two-dimensional skyrmion lattice are theoretically studied
based on a collective coordinate description. Starting from the representation
of skyrmion lattice in terms of three helices, we identify the canonical
coordinates describing low energy excitations as phasons. The phason excitation
spectra turn out to have one gapless mode with a quadratic dispersion and one
massive mode, in agreement with previous studies. We will show that there is
another collective mode governing the topological nature and the stability of
skyrmion lattice and that the fluctuation of this mode leads to a screening of
the topological charge of the lattice. Experimental implications of the
screening effect in microwave absorption, topological Hall effect and depinning
threshold current in metals are discussed
Solitons in the Crossover between Band Insulator and Mott Insulator: Application to TTF-Chloranil under Pressure
Based on the Phase Hamiltonian, two types of solitons are found to exist in
the crossover region between band insulator and Mott insulator in
one-dimension. Both of these solitons have fractional charges but with
different spins, zero and 1/2, respectively. The results are in accord with the
experimental results by Kanoda et al. for TTF-Chloranil under pressure.Comment: Submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 8 pages, 4 figure
Backward Scattering and Coexistent State in Two-Dimensional Electron System
The results of the mean field studies on the effects of the backward
scattering with large momentum transfer in a two-dimensional electron system
are extended to the case with various types of the Fermi surface and coupling
constants. It is found that the coexistent state of d-wave superconductivity,
antiferromagnetism and -triplet pair can be stabilized quite generally
near half filling.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX, 16 figures included, revised in April 199
Orbital Magnetism of Bloch Electrons I. General Formula
We derive an exact formula of orbital susceptibility expressed in terms of
Bloch wave functions, starting from the exact one-line formula by Fukuyama in
terms of Green's functions. The obtained formula contains four contributions:
(1) Landau-Peierls susceptibility, (2) interband contribution, (3) Fermi
surface contribution, and (4) contribution from occupied states. Except for the
Landau-Peierls susceptibility, the other three contributions involve the
crystal-momentum derivatives of Bloch wave functions. Physical meaning of each
term is clarified. The present formula is simplified compared with those
obtained previously by Hebborn et al. Based on the formula, it is seen first of
all that diamagnetism from core electrons and Van Vleck susceptibility are the
only contributions in the atomic limit. The band effects are then studied in
terms of linear combination of atomic orbital treating overlap integrals
between atomic orbitals as a perturbation and the itinerant feature of Bloch
electrons in solids are clarified systematically for the first time.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figure
Bipolar thermoelectric effects in semiconducting carbon nanotubes: Description in terms of one-dimensional Dirac electrons
The thermoelectric effects in semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes
(SWCNTs) are investigated based on the linear response theory combined with the
thermal Green's function method. It is shown that the electronic states near
the lowest conduction band minimum and the highest valence band maximum can be
effectively described in terms of one-dimensional (1D) Dirac electrons to which
a theoretical scheme is developed to describe the thermoelectric responses
making it possible to study the effects of inter-band impurity scattering and
in-gap states. Using the proposed scheme, the bipolar thermoelectric effects
(i.e., the sign inversion of the Seebeck coefficient) in semiconducting SWCNTs
observed in recent experiments are explained. Moreover, the temperature
dependence of the Seebeck coefficient of semiconducting SWCNTs at low
temperature is clarified.Comment: 14 pages, 16 figure
Effects of the Backward Scattering in Two-Dimensional Electron System
Effects of the backward scattering with large momentum transfer are examined
in two-dimensional electron system with a special emphasis on electrons around
(,0), (0,). The phase diagram is shown in the plane of temperature
and hole doping in the mean field approximation and it is found
that d-wave superconductivity, antiferromagnetism and -triplet pair can
coexist near half filling.Comment: 7 pages, LaTeX, 5 figures, uses jpsj.st
Analytical Solutions for the Surface States of BiSb ()
Analytical solutions for the surface state (SS) of an extended Wolff
Hamiltonian, which is a common Hamiltonian for strongly spin-orbit coupled
systems, are obtained both for semi-infinite and finite-thickness boundary
conditions. For the semi-infinite system, there are three types of SS
solutions: (I-a) linearly crossing SSs in the direct bulk band gap, (I-b) SSs
with linear dispersions entering the bulk conduction or valence bands away from
the band edge, and (II) SSs with nearly flat dispersions entering the bulk
state at the band edge. For the finite-thickness system, a gap opens in the SS
of solution I-a. Numerical solutions for the SS are also obtained based on the
tight-binding model of Liu and Allen [Phys. Rev. B, 52, 1566 (1995)] for
BiSb (). A perfect correspondence between the
analytic and numerical solutions is obtained around the point
including their thickness dependence. This is the first time that the character
of the SS numerically obtained is identified with the help of analytical
solutions. The size of the gap for I-a SS can be larger than that of bulk band
gap even for a "thick" films ( bilayers nm) of pure
bismuth. Consequently, in such a film of BiSb, there is no apparent
change in the SSs through the band inversion at , even though the
nature of the SS is changed from solution I-a to I-b. Based on our theoretical
results, the experimental results on the SS of BiSb () are discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figure
Possible High Thermoelectric Power in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes ~A Case Study of Doped One-Dimensional Semiconductors~
We have theoretically investigated the thermoelectric properties of
impurity-doped one-dimensional semiconductors, focusing on nitrogen-substituted
(N-substituted) carbon nanotubes (CNTs), using the Kubo formula combined with a
self-consistent -matrix approximation. N-substituted CNTs exhibit extremely
high thermoelectric power factor () values originating from a
characteristic of one-dimensional materials where decrease in the carrier
density increase both the electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient
in the low-N regime. The chemical potential dependence of the values of
semiconducting CNTs has also been studied as a field-effect transistor and it
turns out that the values show a noticeable maximum in the vicinity of the
band edges. This result demonstrates that "band-edge engineering" will be
crucial for solid development of high-performance thermoelectric materials.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figure
Transport Properties and Diamagnetism of Dirac Electrons in Bismuth
Bismuth crystal is known for its remarkable properties resulting from
particular electronic states, e. g., the Shubnikov-de Haas effect and the de
Haas-van Alphen effect. Above all, the large diamagnetism of bismuth had been a
long-standing puzzle soon after the establishment of quantum mechanics, which
had been resolved eventually in 1970 based on the effective Hamiltonian derived
by Wolff as due to the interband effects of a magnetic field in the presence of
a large spin-orbit interaction. This Hamiltonian is essentially the same as the
Dirac Hamiltonian, but with spatial anisotropy and an effective velocity much
smaller than the light velocity. This paper reviews recent progress in the
theoretical understanding of transport and optical properties, such as the
weak-field Hall effect together with the spin Hall effect, and ac conductivity,
of a system described by the Wolff Hamiltonian and its isotropic version with a
special interest of exploring possible relationship with orbital magnetism. It
is shown that there exist a fundamental relationship between spin Hall
conductivity and orbital susceptibility in the insulating state on one hand,
and the possibility of fully spin-polarized electric current in magneto-optics.
Experimental tests of these interesting features have been proposed.Comment: 22 pages, 23 figures, submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jp
Spin-Hall Effect and Diamagnetism of Anisotropic Dirac Electrons in Solids
Spin-Hall conductivity and orbital susceptibility
are investigated for the anisotropic Wolff Hamiltonian, which is an effective
Hamiltonian common to Dirac electrons in solids. It is found that, both for
and , the effect of anisotropy appears only in the
prefactors, which is given as the Gaussian curvature of the energy dispersion,
and their functional forms are equivalent to those of the isotropic Wolff
Hamiltonian. As a result, it is revealed that the relationship between the spin
Hall conductivity and the orbital susceptibility in the insulating state,
, which was firstly derived for the
isotropic Wolff Hamiltonian, is also valid for the anisotropic Wolff
Hamiltonian. Based on this theoretical finding, the magnitude of spin-Hall
conductivity is estimated for bismuth and its alloys with antimony by that of
orbital susceptibility, which has good correspondence between theory and
experiments. The magnitude of spin-Hall conductivity turns out to be as large
as , which is about
100 times larger than that of Pt.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
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