Development of a cold spot joining method that enables sound joining of carbon steel below the A₁ temperature

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Science and Technology of Welding and Joining on 9 November 2023, available at https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2023.2254968.A novel solid-state joining method, which we call cold spot joining (CSJ), was successfully developed. In this joining concept, the material in the vicinity of the interface is plastically deformed using high pressure to form the joining interface, and impurities at the interface are expelled to the outside. Medium-carbon steel sheets were joined using the CSJ method under various process conditions. The joining temperature can be modified by the pressure applied during CSJ. Microstructural observations and hardness distributions revealed that proper pressurisation led to a joining temperature below the A1 point and prevented the formation of brittle martensitic phase. A sound S45C joint showing plug rupture at the base metal under both tensile shear and cross-tension tests was successfully fabricated by providing appropriate applied pressure and energising conditions

Alzheimer’s disease : Relationship between the Alzheimer’s disease and human microbiome

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory and language disorder. The accumulation of senile plaques called β-amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles involving protein tau in the brains of AD patients have been considered as two hallmarks of AD. In AD, it is reported that accumulation of β-amyloid may be observed 25 years before onset, supporting early diagnosis and treatment by brain image analysis, because several techniques have recently been developed to detect β-amyloid and tau protein in brains of persons diagnosed with AD. AD patients are usually suffering from other diseases such as diabetes or periodontal disease, and there is accumulating data to show that these diseases associate with the human microbiome, such as gut and oral microbiota. In this report, the relation ship between AD and the human microbiome is reviewed