IDE Gene Polymorphism Influences on BPSD in Mild Dementia of Alzheimer's Type

Insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) degrades amyloid β (Aβ), which may inhibit the accumulation of Aβ in a brain affected with dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT). A decrease in the activity of IDE results in changes in glucose utilization in the brain, which could affect the cognitive and psychiatric symptoms of DAT. We investigated a possible association of IDE gene polymorphism and the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in mild DAT. The genotyping for IDE and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) was determined in 207 patients with mild DAT and 215 controls. The occurrence of BPSD was demonstrated using the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (BEHAVE-AD). IDE gene polymorphism is unlikely to play a substantial role in conferring susceptibility to DAT, but it may be involved in the development of affective disturbance through the course of mild DAT, regardless of the presence of an ApoE ε4 allele. The present data could be the result of a small sample size. Further investigations using larger samples are thus required to clarify the correlation between IDE gene polymorphism, susceptibility to DAT, and emergence of BPSD

Clinical Study IDE Gene Polymorphism Influences on BPSD in Mild Dementia of Alzheimer's Type

Insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) degrades amyloid β (Aβ), which may inhibit the accumulation of Aβ in a brain affected with dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT). A decrease in the activity of IDE results in changes in glucose utilization in the brain, which could affect the cognitive and psychiatric symptoms of DAT. We investigated a possible association of IDE gene polymorphism and the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in mild DAT. The genotyping for IDE and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) was determined in 207 patients with mild DAT and 215 controls. The occurrence of BPSD was demonstrated using the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (BEHAVE-AD). IDE gene polymorphism is unlikely to play a substantial role in conferring susceptibility to DAT, but it may be involved in the development of affective disturbance through the course of mild DAT, regardless of the presence of an ApoE ε4 allele. The present data could be the result of a small sample size. Further investigations using larger samples are thus required to clarify the correlation between IDE gene polymorphism, susceptibility to DAT, and emergence of BPSD

Evaluation of drop in official air temperature record at Okayama caused by relocation of observation field of Okayama Local Meteorological Observatory - By comparison with records observed at surrounding points -

Statistical change in official temperature records at Okayama City caused by relocation of meteorological observation field of Meteorological Agency was evaluated. The observation field of Okayama local meteorological observatory was moved to the Tsushima Campus of Okayama University from the downtown area of Okayama City in March, 2015. Comparison between the air temperature records measured at meteorological agency station and the records at Tanjo Pond in Tsushima Campus, showed 0.56 ℃ drop in annual average before and after relocation. Moreover, comparison between the records of Okayama local meteorological observatory and that at the surrounding meteorological observing 9 stations showed 0.55 ℃ drop in annual average. Those results suggest that the relocation dropped annual average of air temperature by about 0.6 ℃

Age-Dependent Association Between Modifiable Risk Factors and Incident Cardiovascular Disease

BACKGROUND: There have been limited data examining the age-dependent relationship of wide-range risk factors with the incidence of each subtype of cardiovascular disease (CVD) event. We assessed age-related associations between modifiable risk factors and the incidence of CVD. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed 3 027 839 participants without a CVD history enrolled in the JMDC Claims Database (mean age, 44.8±11.0 years; 57.6% men). Each participant was categorized as aged 20 to 49 years (n=2 008 559), 50 to 59 years (n=712 273), and 60 to 75 years (n=307 007). Using Cox proportional hazards models and the relative risk reduction, we identified associations between risk factors and incident CVD, consisting of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke, and heart failure (HF). We assessed whether the association of risk factors for developing CVD would be modified by age cat-egory. Over a mean follow-up of 1133 days, 6315 myocardial infarction, 56 447 angina pectoris, 28 079 stroke, and 56 369 HF events were recorded. The incidence of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke, and HF increased with age category. Hazard ratios of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes in the multivariable Cox regression analyses for myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke, and HF decreased with age category. The relative risk reduction of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes for CVD events decreased with age category. For example, the relative risk reduction of hypertension for HF decreased from 59.2% in participants aged 20 to 49 years to 38.1% in those aged 60 to 75 years. CONCLUSIONS: The contribution of modifiable risk factor to the development of CVD is greater in younger compared with older individuals. Preventive efforts for risk factor modification may be more effective in younger people.</p

Magnetized Fast Isochoric Laser Heating for Efficient Creation of Ultra-High-Energy-Density States

The quest for the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) ignition is a grand challenge, as exemplified by extraordinary large laser facilities. Fast isochoric heating of a pre-compressed plasma core with a high-intensity short-pulse laser is an attractive and alternative approach to create ultra-high-energy-density states like those found in ICF ignition sparks. This avoids the ignition quench caused by the hot spark mixing with the surrounding cold fuel, which is the crucial problem of the currently pursued ignition scheme. High-intensity lasers efficiently produce relativistic electron beams (REB). A part of the REB kinetic energy is deposited in the core, and then the heated region becomes the hot spark to trigger the ignition. However, only a small portion of the REB collides with the core because of its large divergence. Here we have demonstrated enhanced laser-to-core energy coupling with the magnetized fast isochoric heating. The method employs a kilo-tesla-level magnetic field that is applied to the transport region from the REB generation point to the core which results in guiding the REB along the magnetic field lines to the core. 7.7 $\pm$ 1.3 % of the maximum coupling was achieved even with a relatively small radial area density core ($\rho R$ $\sim$ 0.1 g/cm$^2$). The guided REB transport was clearly visualized in a pre-compressed core by using Cu-$K_\alpha$ imaging technique. A simplified model coupled with the comprehensive diagnostics yields 6.2\% of the coupling that agrees fairly with the measured coupling. This model also reveals that an ignition-scale areal density core ($\rho R$ $\sim$ 0.4 g/cm$^2$) leads to much higher laser-to-core coupling ($>$ 15%), this is much higher than that achieved by the current scheme

Association of Cardiovascular Health Metrics With Risk of Transition to Hypertension in Non-Hypertensive Young Adults

BACKGROUND The risk of developing hypertension in young adults and its relationship to modifiable lifestyle factors are unclear. We aimed to examine the association of cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics with the risk of hypertension. METHODS We analyzed 66,876 participants aged 20-39 years, with available blood pressure (BP) data for 5 consecutive years, who had normal or elevated BP at the initial health check-up, enrolled in the JMDC Claims Database. Ideal CVH metrics included nonsmoking, body mass inde

Reduction in blood pressure for elevated blood pressure/stage 1 hypertension according to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline and cardiovascular outcomes

Aims Few studies have examined the relationship of blood pressure (BP) change in adults with elevated BP or stage 1 hypertension according to the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guideline with cardiovascular outcomes. We sought to identify the effect of BP change among individuals with elevated BP or stage 1 hypertension on incident heart failure (HF) and other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study including 616 483 individuals (median age 46 years, 73.7% men) with elevated and results BP or stage 1 hypertension based on the ACC/AHA BP guideline. Participants were categorized using BP classification at one-year as normal BP (n = 173 558), elevated BP/stage 1 hypertension (n = 367 454), or stage 2 hypertension (n = 75 471). The primary outcome was HF, and the secondary outcomes included (separately) myocardial infarction (MI), angina pectoris (AP), and stroke. Over a mean follow-up of 1097 ± 908 days, 10 544 HFs, 1317 MIs, 11 070 APs, and 5198 strokes were recorded. Compared with elevated BP/stage 1 hypertension at one-year, normal BP at one-year was associated with a lower risk of developing HF [hazard ratio (HR): 0.89, 95% CI:0.85–0.94], whereas stage 2 hypertension at one-year was associated with an elevated risk of developing HF (HR:1.43, 95% CI:1.36–1.51). This association was also present in other cardiovascular outcomes including MI, AP, and stroke. The relationship was consistent in all subgroups stratified by age, sex, baseline BP category, and overweight/obesity. Conclusion A one-year decline in BP was associated with the lower risk of HF, MI, AP, and stroke, suggesting the importance of lowering BP in individuals with elevated BP or stage 1 hypertension according to the ACC/AHA guideline to prevent the risk of developing CVD.</p

ケイカチュウ ニ オウショク シュヨウ ケイタイ オ テイシタ ソウキ イガン ノ イチレイ

症例は63歳の男性,既往歴に30歳時胃潰瘍にて胃切除(Billroth II法), 60歳時肺癌で右肺下葉切除(低分化扁平上皮癌)がある.現病歴は右肺癌手術後の経過観察中にCEAの上昇を認め消化管精査を目的に当科紹介となった. 2001年5月の上部消化管内視鏡検査では胃噴門部後壁に白苔を有する隆起を認め,生検ではGroup IIIであった.以後経過観察となったが, 2003年5月には黄白色調の扁平隆起を呈し黄色腫類似の形態を呈し,生検ではGroup IVであった. 7月Group Vであり, 10月内視鏡的粘膜切除術が施行され病変は完全切除された.病理診断では管状腺癌であった.本症例は経過中に病巣表面が黄色腫類似の所見を呈した稀な症例であった.A 63-year-old man, who received gastrectomy for a peptic ulcer at 30 year-old and received pneumoresection for his undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the lung at 60 years-old, was inspected by postoperative follow-up study. In May 2001, serum carcinoembryonic antigen level exceeded 5ng/ml, and he was referred to our department for endoscopic examinations. Endoscopic examination revealed a flat elevated lesion whose surface was covered with dense exudate on the posterior wall of the cardiac region, and the histopathological diagnosis was tubular adenoma. In May 2003, the flat elevated lesion was accompanied by yellow-whitish spots and endoscopically diagnosed as xanthoma, while the biopsy specimen from the elevated lesion demonstrated tubular ade noma with severe atypia. In October 2003, endoscopic mucosal resection was successfully completed for the lesion, and it was diagnosed as well differentiated adenocarcinoma. We consider that a gastric elevated lesion should be carefully followed when tubular adenoma is detected, even if endoscopically looks like benign xanthoma