Changes of behavior and consciousness in COVID-19

新型コロナウイルスの感染症の拡大と長期化に伴い，世の中はパンデミック状態にある一方でテレワークの普及によって，個人生活にとってはメリットもあると考えられる．そこで現在の行動やコミュニケーション等の意識の変化，さらにフレイルなど健康面の課題について①生活，行動と意識に関するアンケート，②通勤，勤務と行動と意識に関するアンケート2種類のWeb調査により実態を明らかにした．その結果，未知のウイルスに対する脅威感から，人々の意識やライフスタイルも大きく変容していて，在宅時間の増加によりメリットもある一方で，時間の使い方は自己への投資などには回っておらず，健康面では不安を抱えていることが明らかになり，フレイル等により健康寿命の短縮が危惧されるなど，新たな日常スタイルに向けての課題があることが明らかになった．With the spread and prolongation of the new coronavirus infection, the world is in a pandemic state, but the spread of telework is thought to have benefits for personal life. Therefore, awareness of current behavior and communication, etc. Regarding changes and health issues such as frailty, (1) questionnaires on life, behavior and consciousness, and (2) questionnaires on commuting work and behavior and consciousness, the actual situation was clarified by two types of Web surveys. As a result, people's consciousness and lifestyle have changed significantly due to the threat of unknown viruses, and while there are benefits to increasing the time spent at home, spending time is not used for self-investment. However, it became clear that he was worried about his health, and that there were issues for a new daily style, such as fear of shortening healthy life expectancy due to frailty syndrome

CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON PINEAL TUMORS

We presented four cases of pineal tumors with autopsy findings. Our pathohistological studies demonstrated that the tumor of cases 1 and 2 was of the two-cell pattern, case 3 was teratoma with foci of the two-cell pattern, and case 4 was a mixed tumor of immature teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma and two-cell pattern. Cases l and 2 were histologically similar to a part of the tumor of cases 3 and 4. The histological appearance of “pinealoma” had been discussed since 1923. In considering the results of our studies, we agree with the theory that the pineal tumor of the two cell pattern arises from the germ cells migrating into the pineal region. The so-called “pinealoma” has to be discussed in more detail from this point of view, and we wish to emphasize that the correct diagnosis of pineal tumor should be based on the examination of all the elements of the tumor

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF THE HEAD: CLINICAL EXPERIENCE OF THE FIRST 3000 SCANS WITH EMI SCANNER

Computed tomography (CT) findings obtained from the first 3,000 scans on 2,031 patients were analyzed and discussions were made on various kinds of neurological diseases, especially from the neurosurgical point of view. CT showed an excellent resolution for three-dimensional morphological pattern of intracranial lesion with a high percentage of diagnostic accuracy as 1eported from other institutes, resulting in making much earlier morphological diagnosis of intracranial lesion possible than any other examination. Scan methods consisted of plain CT, contrast enhanced CT, and metrizamide CT cisternography. Sequential delayed enhanced CT offered more useful information for high diagnostic accuracy, particularly for nature of brain tumor. Metrizamide CT cisternography was performed for the evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and diagnosis of skull base tumors. CT is a new, epoch-making and non-invasive diagnostic approach in neuroradiology and contributes to obtain the better achievement of neurosurgical results

A SIMPLIFIED METHOD OF XENON-ENHANCED CT FOR REGIONAL CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW (rCBF) MEASUREMENT WITH REFERENCE TO CLINICAL EXPERIENCES

We introduced a simplified method of xenon-enhanced CT (SXe-CT) for obtaining the topographic regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) map. In the SXe-CT, we used the method of brief (three to four minutes) inhalation of 40% xenon. To shorten the period of xenon inhalation, we substituted a predetermined brain-blood partition coefficient (L) in the entire brain for the directly estimated L to calculate the rCBF value. Because of its non-invasiveness and simplicity, the SXe-CT can be applied to the patients with diseases in the central nervous system (CNS) without any difficulties.During the past three years, we performed the SXe-CT on 150 occasions in 100 subjects, including those with moyamoya disease, other ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, arteriovenous malformations and normal pressure hydrocephalus. In this paper, the rCBF values of seven normal healthy adults with a mean age of 24 years are reported and the flow maps of some cases of CNS diseases are presented. The normal mean value of the hemispheres was 53, those of the gray matter were in the range of 38 to 72, those of the white matter were in the range of 26 to 35 and those of the basal ganglia and thalamus were 55 to 88 (values are given in ml/100g/min). The SXe-CT has potential advantages in obtaining clinically useful rCBF measurements

WIDESPREAD EXTRACRANIAL METASTASES OF GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME -Report of Case and Clinicopathological Review of Cases in Literature-

We reported on an autopsy case of glioblastoma multiforme which metastasized widely to the scalp, pericranium, cervical lymph nodes, spinal cord and cauda equina. Fifty-three cases of extracranial metastasis in the world including our case were analyzed. Forty- two cases were males and 11 females. The highest incidence was in the fifth decade. Only two cases had no operative intervention in their history. Metastases were found in the lymph nodes (26%), lungs (22%), bone (19%), liver (9%), operative flap (8%) and dural venous system (3%). We discussed the five modes of metastasizing route from the primary brain tumor to the extracranial region. We emphasized that in the case of glioblastoma multiforme operated or to be operated upon, systemic treatment was necessary in addition to the local application of chemotherapeutic agents by infusion and/or irradiation. We discussed about the immunological problem of glioma in our case, considering the extremely rapid growth of the metastatic tumors ensuing from the operative removal of a large part of the primary tumor and its extracranial cervical extention