Design considerations for the use of laser-plasma accelerators for advanced space radiation studies

We present design considerations for the use of laser-plasma accelerators for mimicking space radiation and testing space-grade electronics. This novel application takes advantage of the inherent ability of laser-plasma accelerators to produce particle beams with exponential energy distribution, which is a characteristic shared with the hazardous relativistic electron flux present in the radiation belts of planets such as Earth, Saturn and Jupiter. Fundamental issues regarding laser-plasma interaction parameters, beam propagation, flux development, and experimental setup are discussed

Hybrid modeling of relativistic underdense plasma photocathode injectors

The dynamics of laser ionization-based electron injection in the recently introduced plasma photocathode concept is analyzed analytically and with particle-in-cell simulations. The influence of the initial few-cycle laser pulse that liberates electrons through background gas ionization in a plasma wakefield accelerator on the final electron phase space is described through the use of Ammosov-Deloine-Krainov theory as well as nonadiabatic Yudin-Ivanov (YI) ionization theory and subsequent downstream dynamics in the combined laser and plasma wave fields. The photoelectrons are tracked by solving their relativistic equations of motion. They experience the analytically described transient laser field and the simulation-derived plasma wakefields. It is shown that the minimum normalized emittance of fs-scale electron bunches released in mulit-GV/m-scale plasma wakefields is of the order of 10-2 mm mrad. Such unprecedented values, combined with the dramatically increased controllability of electron bunch production, pave the way for highly compact yet ultrahigh quality plasma-based electron accelerators and light source applications

Parametric tolerance study of Trojan Horse plasma wakefield acceleration scheme

A promising scheme for plasma wakefield acceleration is the hybrid plasma acceleration mechanism, which is experimentally connected to world-wide programs at various accelerator facilities. This scheme may lead to extremely high quality electron bunches, which can be used to drive ultrabright light sources such as free electron lasers. The big challenge for plasma acceleration is to produce electron bunches with high quality in terms of low emittance, energy spread and high brightness. To overcome this challenge, the Trojan Horse scheme [1,2,3,4,5] is used for production of designer electron beams. This work explores the Trojan Horse mechanism in a parametric study by variation of the injector laser pulse by intensity a0, spot size w0 and relative spatiotemporal synchronization and alignment. These parameters define output electron witness beam parameters and its quality. This sensitivity study shows a high robustness of the scheme, which is promising for a wider key prospect of the approach, namely the development of compact plasma accelerators to produce electron beams with unprecedented emittance and brightness in order to power free-electron lasers

Plasma accelerator driven coherent spontaneous emission

Plasma accelerators [1] are a potentially important source of high energy, low emittance electron beams with high peak currents and generated within a relatively short distance. While novel plasma photocathodes [2] may offer improvement to the normalised emittance and brightness of electron beams compared to Radio Frequency-driven accelerators, a challenge is the energy spread and chirp of the beams, which can make FEL operation impossible. In this paper it is shown that such an energy-chirped beam, with a dynamically evolving current profile due to ballistic bunching, can generate significant coherent radiation output via the process of Coherent Spontaneous Emission (CSE) [3]. While this CSE is seen to cause some FEL-induced electron bunching at the radiation wavelength, the dynamic evolution of the energy chirped pulse dampens out any high-gain FEL interaction

Tunable Electron Multibunch Production in Plasma Wakefield Accelerators

Synchronized, independently tunable and focused $\mu$J-class laser pulses are used to release multiple electron populations via photo-ionization inside an electron-beam driven plasma wave. By varying the laser foci in the laboratory frame and the position of the underdense photocathodes in the co-moving frame, the delays between the produced bunches and their energies are adjusted. The resulting multibunches have ultra-high quality and brightness, allowing for hitherto impossible bunch configurations such as spatially overlapping bunch populations with strictly separated energies, which opens up a new regime for light sources such as free-electron-lasers

Erratum: Interfacial spin-orbit torques and magnetic anisotropy in WSe2/permalloy bilayers

Upon further analysis of the data, we find that the field dependence of the B-component in figure 2(b) is more likely caused by a significant unidirectional magnetoresistance (UMR), hindering the accurate determination of a damping-like torque for our devices. We would like to stress that all the main conclusions of our work remain the same

Interfacial spin-orbit torques and magnetic anisotropy in WSe₂/permalloy bilayers

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising materials for efficient generation of current-induced spin-orbit torques (SOTs) on an adjacent ferromagnetic layer. Numerous effects, both interfacial and bulk, have been put forward to explain the different torques previously observed. Thus far, however, there is no clear consensus on the microscopic origin underlying the SOTs observed in these TMD/ferromagnet bilayers. To shine light on the microscopic mechanisms at play, here we perform thickness dependent SOT measurements on the semiconducting WSe2/permalloy bilayer with various WSe2 layer thickness, down to the monolayer limit. We observe a large out-of-plane field-like torque with spin-torque conductivities up to 1 × 104 (ℏ/2e) (Ωm)−1. For some devices, we also observe a smaller in-plane antidamping-like torque, with spin-torque conductivities up to 4 × 103 (ℏ/2e) (Ωm)−1, comparable to other TMD-based systems. Both torques show no clear dependence on the WSe2 thickness, as expected for a Rashba system. Unexpectedly, we observe a strong in-plane magnetic anisotropy—up to about 6.6 × 104 erg cm−3—induced in permalloy by the underlying hexagonal WSe2 crystal. Using scanning transmission electron microscopy, we confirm that the easy axis of the magnetic anisotropy is aligned to the armchair direction of the WSe2. Our results indicate a strong interplay between the ferromagnet and TMD, and unveil the nature of the SOTs in TMD-based devices. These findings open new avenues for possible methods for optimizing the torques and the interaction with interfaced magnets, important for future non-volatile magnetic devices for data processing and storage

Alpha, Betti and the Megaparsec Universe: on the Topology of the Cosmic Web

We study the topology of the Megaparsec Cosmic Web in terms of the scale-dependent Betti numbers, which formalize the topological information content of the cosmic mass distribution. While the Betti numbers do not fully quantify topology, they extend the information beyond conventional cosmological studies of topology in terms of genus and Euler characteristic. The richer information content of Betti numbers goes along the availability of fast algorithms to compute them. For continuous density fields, we determine the scale-dependence of Betti numbers by invoking the cosmologically familiar filtration of sublevel or superlevel sets defined by density thresholds. For the discrete galaxy distribution, however, the analysis is based on the alpha shapes of the particles. These simplicial complexes constitute an ordered sequence of nested subsets of the Delaunay tessellation, a filtration defined by the scale parameter, $\alpha$. As they are homotopy equivalent to the sublevel sets of the distance field, they are an excellent tool for assessing the topological structure of a discrete point distribution. In order to develop an intuitive understanding for the behavior of Betti numbers as a function of $\alpha$, and their relation to the morphological patterns in the Cosmic Web, we first study them within the context of simple heuristic Voronoi clustering models. Subsequently, we address the topology of structures emerging in the standard LCDM scenario and in cosmological scenarios with alternative dark energy content. The evolution and scale-dependence of the Betti numbers is shown to reflect the hierarchical evolution of the Cosmic Web and yields a promising measure of cosmological parameters. We also discuss the expected Betti numbers as a function of the density threshold for superlevel sets of a Gaussian random field.Comment: 42 pages, 14 figure