The diagnostic yield of current practice of paediatric intravenous urography in Afghanistan in presence of ultrasonography; cross-sectional analytic study at FMIC, Kabul

Background: Intravenous urography (IVU); the oldest imaging method for assessing the upper urinary tract anatomy and function; is now seldom used in the paediatric population. The important concern associated with IVU is the radiation exposure. Due to various reasons, IVU is still widely practiced in paediatrics in Afghanistan. On the other hand, Ultrasonography (USG) is universally accepted as the first-line imaging modality in paediatric uroradiology. It is inexpensive, immediate, painless, radiation-free, non-invasive and widely available.Objectives: To assess the diagnostic value of current practice of paediatric IVU in presence of USG in Afghanistan Methods and material: A prospective cross-sectional analytic study was conducted on paediatric patients at radiology department of FMIC. First USG of urinary tract was done for all participants, followed by IVU. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23. The diagnostic value of IVU was considered positive when it could provide additional information over USG and negative if it could not give any addition information over USG.Results: The diagnostic value of IVU was found positive in 6.5% while it was negative in (93.5%) cases. Conclusion: IVU can be largely replaced by USG in the paediatric population and if really clinically needed, its indications should always be judged according to clinical context and USG findings

Testicular vein syndrome: Review of the literature and recent case report

Purpose: To perform a systematic review of cases published about the extremely rare entity of testicular vein compression on ureter with resultant hydroureteronephrosis and addition of a new case of left side testicular vein syndrome. Materials and method: A search of English-language literature through Google Scholar and PubMed was performed up to December 2016, besides; references of all identified case reports were reviewed. Results and conclusion: Based on this review of the literature only seven cases have been reported in English-language journals until December 2016 and the author present the 8th case. Four of the cases involved the right side and four the left side (Including the present case). In three cases, pathologically altered testicular vein resulted in obstructive uropathies, while in remaining five cases; the normal testicular vein was indenting over the ureter anteriorly at the crossing point

Incidental finding of cardiac hydatid cysts, report of two cases

Abstract Background Hydatid is a parasitic infection which can affect any organ of body. In some organs like liver and lung; it can be found regularly while in other organs like heart, it is seen very rarely. Cardiac hydatid cysts comprise less than of 2% of hydatid infection cases and may be detected incidentally. Case presentation Authors report two cases of cardiac hydatid cysts in young adult patients living in rural areas of the country with positive animal contact. Both patients were complained from shortness of breath and cough. Contrast enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) revealed left ventricular wall hydatid cysts in addition to lung and liver hydatid cysts. Conclusion Cardiac hydatid cyst is a rare finding with wide range of signs and symptoms. These may be suspected in patients coming from endemic areas. Echocardiographic follow up of patients with liver or lung hydatid cysts can be helpful

CT features of lung agenesis – a case series (6 cases)

Abstract Back ground Lung agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly. The main etiology of the disease is unknown whereas genetic, iatrogenic and viral factors as well as vitamin A deficiency during early pregnancy may result in developmental failure of primitive lung bud causing unilateral pulmonary agenesis. Affected patients usually present with variable respiratory symptoms and recurrent chest infection at any age. Plain film demonstrates opaque unilateral lung while chest CT scan can definitely diagnosis the disease. The anomaly has three types. Type I is pulmonary agenesis, type II is called pulmonary aplasia and type III is pulmonary hypoplasia. Cases’ presentation Six patients with main complaint of dyspnea underwent contrast enhanced chest CT in radiology department of French Medical Institute for Mothers and children, Kabul and were diagnosed lung agenesis. Three patients were categorized as type II pulmonary agenesis (aplasia). Two patients, three months old boy and a seven year- old girl demonstrated right lung aplasia. Another patient boy of eighteen years old presented with left lung aplasia. Two boys of four and seven months of age were classified as type I pulmonary agenesis (agenesis). A boy of one year old was diagnosed pulmonary agenesis type III, right lung hypoplasia. Conclusion Six patients were diagnosed with pulmonary agenesis by Chest CT scan. The clinicians should consider possibility of congenital pulmonary agenesis in dyspneic patients with opaque unilateral hemithorax in plain film

Hysterosalpingography and Ultrasonography Features of Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich Syndrome Detected during Infertility Workup

The Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome (HWWS) is a very rare congenital anomaly of the urogenital tract. It is characterized by a combination of didelphys uterus, unilateral vaginal obstruction, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. MRI imaging is usually used for diagnosis; however, the authors present a case of HWWS diagnosed by ultrasonography (HSG) and hysterosalpingography (HSG) in a 22-year-old lady who has undergone an imaging workup of infertility

The diagnostic value of current practice of pediatric intravenous urography in Afghanistan in presence of ultrasonography; cross-sectional analytic study in a pediatric tertiary care hospital

Background: Intravenous urography (IVU), an old imaging method was accepted as the mainstay of urologic imaging and the gold standard for assessing the upper urinary tract anatomy and excretory function for many years; but with advances in the uroradiologic examinations; its usage is now in universal decline in pediatric population. Due to various reasons, IVU is still widely practiced in children in Afghanistan. On the other hand, Ultrasonography (USG) is accepted universally as first-line imaging modality in pediatric uroradiology.Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic value of current practice of pediatric IVU in Afghanistan in presence of USG; to evaluate the prediction of renal excretory function by means of USG ultrasonographic features; and to compare the validity of USG, plain radiograph, and their combination with IVU in detection of urolithiasis.Method: Cross-sectional analytic study at radiology department of French Medical Institute for mothers and Children, on children aged \u3e1 month and \u3c 18 years who were prescribed to undergo IVU examination from 17 June 2016 to 31 August 2016.USG of urinary tract was performed for each participant followed by IVU. The diagnostic value of IVU considered positive whenever IVU could add additional diagnostic information over USG and negative if it could not. P value of \u3c0.001 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Total 139 affected kidneys were included. The diagnostic value of IVU was positive in 6.5% and negative in 93.5% of cases.Conclusion: IVU can be largely replaced by USG in the pediatric population — and by combination of USG and plain radiograph in urolithiasis work up—

Proteus mirabilis: A rare cause of pneumonia, radiologically mimicking malignancy of the lung

Key clinical message Lesions that are suspected for malignancy need be managed by a multidisciplinary team. Utilization of radiological as well as pathological diagnostic modalities ensures correct diagnosis and thus timely intervention. Abstract Introduction Proteus mirabilis is a Gram‐negative rod. It is a highly motile bacterium that belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae. Lung infection and pneumonia caused by p. mirabilis is extremely rare and occurs in patients with chronic debilitation or chronic lung disease. Case Presentation A 65‐year‐Old Woman presented with dry cough, dyspnoea on exertion, and chest pain of 4 months' duration. She received multiple medications including antibiotics but without any resolution of her symptoms. Computed Tomography scan of the chest was performed reported a tumor in the upper lobe of the left lung with multiple associated pulmonary nodules. The impression was that of metastatic lung disease with superimposed acute infection. Accordingly, the patient was reevaluated and a diagnostic bronchoscopy with multiple endobronchial biopsies and broncho‐alveolar lavage was done. The gram stain showed Gram‐Negative Bacilli and the bacteria identified P. mirabilis. Conclusion Mass lesions suspected for malignancy should be managed with involvement of multiple medical disciplines, to ensure correct and timely diagnosis. This is to avoid miss‐management

ANALISIS PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN BELAJAR TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN ANALISIS RASCH MODEL

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui validitas dan reliabilitas angket serta menganalisis bias item (DIF) yang menunjukkan pengaruh lingkungan belajar terhadap motivasi belajar dengan menggunakan analisis Rasch Model pada siswa kelas IPA di salah satu MAN di kota Banjarmasin tahun ajaran 2021/2022. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis Rasch Model dengan mengolah data instrumen angket pada aplikasi Ministep. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yaitu dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data melalui instrumen berupa angket lingkungan belajar dan angket motivasi belajar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dapat diketahui bahwa angket yang telah diberikan memiliki beberapa item pertanyaan yang misfit atau tidak valid. Reliabilitas kedua kuesioner tersebut berada pada kategori tinggi. Analisis Model Rach yang digunakan mampu menentukan item-item yang bias (DIF) antara lingkungan belajar dengan motivasi belajar siswa. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas lingkungan belajar berpengaruh terhadap motivasi belajar siswa dilihat dari seberapa aktif siswa bertanya selama pembelajaran

CT and MRI Features of Pediatric-Aged Colloid Cysts: Report of Two Cases

A 10-year-old boy with the history of headache, anorexia, and vomiting was referred to our department to undergo a brain CT scan. CT images demonstrated a well-defined, rounded, hyperdense lesion at the level of the foramen of Monro causing moderate dilatation of the lateral ventricles. An 11-year-old girl with a long history of a headache was also referred to undergoing a brain MRI. MR images demonstrated a well-defined round abnormal signal intensity lesion at the level of the foramen of Monro causing moderate dilatation of lateral ventricles. The findings from imaging perspective were consistent with the colloid cyst of the third ventricle. Therefore, the diagnosis of the colloid cyst was made

Computed tomography features of supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in an infant

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare congenital anomaly of the pulmonary veins drainage. In this entity, the pulmonary veins, instead of draining to left atrium, connect abnormally to the systemic venous circulation. A right-to-left shunt is obligatory for survival. Based on its type and degree of pulmonary venous obstruction, TAPVC may result in pulmonary hypertension and congestive heart failure. In severe cases, urgent diagnosis and surgical correction is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. Echocardiography as the first and safest imaging modality for cardiovascular abnormalities may fail in complete depiction of some complex feature of TAPVC. Computed tomography angiography is then a noninvasive and sensitive choice for mapping the pulmonary veins without the need for invasive cardiac catheterization. Contrast-enhanced MR angiography can be a radiation-free alternative. Authors present a computed tomography–detected supracardiac TAPVC with small patent ductus arteriosus in a 2 months cyanotic infant